Siehe Mehr
Siehe Details auf eBayerhältlich bei
EUR 28,48 Sofort-Kaufen oder Preisvorschlag, EUR 7,10 Versand, 30-Tag Rücknahmen, eBay-Käuferschutz
Verkäufer: checkoutmyunqiuefunitems ✉️ (4.496) 99.7%, Artikelstandort: Manchester, Take a look at my other items, GB, Versand nach: WORLDWIDE, Artikelnummer: 276633643236 Usain Bolt Goldmünze Signatur Olympia Legende Paris 2024 Ziege Weltmeister. Sprint (running)Athletics by typeRunning by typeAnaerobic exercise. Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. 2017 9.95 (10) — —. 2016 9.81 (2) 19.78 (3) —. 2015 9.79 (2) 19.55 (1) 46.38. 2014 9.98 (16) — —. Usain Bolt Commemorative Coin Gold Plated Usain Bolt Coin One Side has an image of Bolt doing his famous Lightning Bolt Stance The Jamaican Flag is across his shoulders and a illustration of him with his autograph It has a athletics running track with the words "World Record Holder" & his name "Usain Bolt" It also has his records 100m - 9.58 - Berlin 200m - 19.19 - Berlin 4 x 100m - 36.84 - London The back has the logo from the 2009 Berlin World Championship it has an image of him winning the 100m with his name "Usain Bolt" and the words "World Record Holder in the 100m , 200m and the times 9.58s & 19.19s with lightning bolts The coin is 40mm in diameter and 3 mm thick , it weighs about 1 oz. Comes in air-tight acrylic coin holder In Excellent Condition Sorry about the poor quality photos. They dont do the coin justice which looks a lot better in real life I always combined postage on multiple items and I have a lot of Similar items to this on Ebay so why check out my other items Bid with Confidence - Check My 100% Positive Feedback from over 2,000 Satisfied Customers I always combine items and discount postage on multiple I Specialise in Unique Fun Items So For that Interesting Conversational Piece, A Birthday Present, Christmas Gift, A Comical Item to Cheer Someone Up or That Unique Perfect Gift for the Person Who has Everything....You Know Where to Look for a Bargain! Be sure to add me to your favourite sellers list All Items Dispatched within 24 hours of Receiving Payment and feedback let immedialtley as soon as payment received Thanks for Looking and Best of Luck with the Bidding!! Would make an Excellent Present or Collectable Keepsake souvenir of a truly great and remarkable athlete Click Here to Check out my other Sporting Items Bid with Confidence - Check My 100% Positive Feedback from over 2000 Satisfied Customers I have over 10 years of Ebay Selling Experience - So Why Not Treat Yourself? I have got married recently and need to raise funds to meet the costs also we are planning to move into a house together I always combined postage on multiple items Instant Feedback Automatically Left Immediately after Receiving Payment All Items Sent out within 24 hours of Receiving Payment. Overseas Bidders Please Note Surface Mail Delivery Times > Western Europe takes up to 2 weeks, Eastern Europe up to 5 weeks, North America up to 6 weeks, South America, Africa and Asia up to 8 weeks and Australasia up to 12 weeks Thanks for Looking and Best of Luck with the Bidding!! Also if bidding from overseas and you want your item tracked please select the International Signed for Postage Option For that Interesting Conversational Piece, A Birthday Present, Christmas Gift, A Comical Item to Cheer Someone Up or That Unique Perfect Gift for the Person Who has Everything....You Know Where to Look for a Bargain! XXXX - DO NOT CLICK HERE - XXXX Click Here to Add me to Your List of Favourite Sellers If You Have any Questions Please Message me through ebay and I Will Reply ASAP I have sold items to countries such as Afghanistan * Albania * Algeria * American Samoa (US) * Andorra * Angola * Anguilla (GB) * Antigua and Barbuda * Argentina * Armenia * Aruba (NL) * Australia * Austria * Azerbaijan * Bahamas * Bahrain * Bangladesh * Barbados * Belarus * Belgium * Belize * Benin * Bermuda (GB) * Bhutan * Bolivia * Bonaire (NL) * Bosnia and Herzegovina * Botswana * Bouvet Island (NO) * Brazil * British Indian Ocean Territory (GB) * British Virgin Islands (GB) * Brunei * Bulgaria * Burkina Faso * Burundi * Cambodia * Cameroon * Canada * Cape Verde * Cayman Islands (GB) * Central African Republic * Chad * Chile * China * Christmas Island (AU) * Cocos Islands (AU) * Colombia * Comoros * Congo * Democratic Republic of the Congo * Cook Islands (NZ) * Coral Sea Islands Territory (AU) * Costa Rica * Croatia * Cuba * Curaçao (NL) * Cyprus * Czech Republic * Denmark * Djibouti * Dominica * Dominican Republic * East Timor * Ecuador * Egypt * El Salvador * Equatorial Guinea * Eritrea * Estonia * Ethiopia * Falkland Islands (GB) * Faroe Islands (DK) * Fiji Islands * Finland * France * French Guiana (FR) * French Polynesia (FR) * French Southern Lands (FR) * Gabon * Gambia * Georgia * Germany * Ghana * Gibraltar (GB) * Greece * Greenland (DK) * Grenada * Guadeloupe (FR) * Guam (US) * Guatemala * Guernsey (GB) * Guinea * Guinea-Bissau * Guyana * Haiti * Heard and McDonald Islands (AU) * Honduras * Hong Kong (CN) * Hungary * Iceland * India * Indonesia * Iran * Iraq * Ireland * Isle of Man (GB) * Israel * Italy * Ivory Coast * Jamaica * Jan Mayen (NO) * Japan * Jersey (GB) * Jordan * Kazakhstan * Kenya * Kiribati * Kosovo * Kuwait * Kyrgyzstan * Laos * Latvia * Lebanon * Lesotho * Liberia * Libya * Liechtenstein * Lithuania * Luxembourg * Macau (CN) * Macedonia * Madagascar * Malawi * Malaysia * Maldives * Mali * Malta * Marshall Islands * Martinique (FR) * Mauritania * Mauritius * Mayotte (FR) * Mexico * Micronesia * Moldova * Monaco * Mongolia * Montenegro * Montserrat (GB) * Morocco * Mozambique * Myanmar * Namibia * Nauru * Navassa (US) * Nepal * Netherlands * New Caledonia (FR) * New Zealand * Nicaragua * Niger * Nigeria * Niue (NZ) * Norfolk Island (AU) * North Korea * Northern Cyprus * Northern Mariana Islands (US) * Norway * Oman * Pakistan * Palau * Palestinian Authority * Panama * Papua New Guinea * Paraguay * Peru * Philippines * Pitcairn Island (GB) * Poland * Portugal * Puerto Rico (US) * Qatar * Reunion (FR) * Romania * Russia * Rwanda * Saba (NL) * Saint Barthelemy (FR) * Saint Helena (GB) * Saint Kitts and Nevis * Saint Lucia * Saint Martin (FR) * Saint Pierre and Miquelon (FR) * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines * Samoa * San Marino * Sao Tome and Principe * Saudi Arabia * Senegal * Serbia * Seychelles * Sierra Leone * Singapore * Sint Eustatius (NL) * Sint Maarten (NL) * Slovakia * Slovenia * Solomon Islands * Somalia * South Africa * South Georgia (GB) * South Korea * South Sudan * Spain * Sri Lanka * Sudan * Suriname * Svalbard (NO) * Swaziland * Sweden * Switzerland * Syria * Taiwan * Tajikistan * Tanzania * Thailand * Togo * Tokelau (NZ) * Tonga * Trinidad and Tobago * Tunisia * Turkey * Turkmenistan * Turks and Caicos Islands (GB) * Tuvalu * U.S. Minor Pacific Islands (US) * U.S. Virgin Islands (US) * Uganda * Ukraine * United Arab Emirates * United Kingdom * United States * Uruguay * Uzbekistan * Vanuatu * Vatican City * Venezuela * Vietnam * Wallis and Futuna (FR) * Yemen * Zambia * Zimbabwe and major cities such as Tokyo, Yokohama, New York City, Sao Paulo, Seoul, Mexico City, Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto, Manila, Mumbai, Delhi, Jakarta, Lagos, Kolkata, Cairo, Los Angeles, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Moscow, Shanghai, Karachi, Paris, Istanbul, Nagoya, Beijing, Chicago, London, Shenzhen, Essen, Düsseldorf, Tehran, Bogota, Lima, Bangkok, Johannesburg, East Rand, Chennai, Taipei, Baghdad, Santiago, Bangalore, Hyderabad, St Petersburg, Philadelphia, Lahore, Kinshasa, Miami, Ho Chi Minh City, Madrid, Tianjin, Kuala Lumpur, Toronto, Milan, Shenyang, Dallas, Fort Worth, Boston, Belo Horizonte, Khartoum, Riyadh, Singapore, Washington, Detroit, Barcelona,, Houston, Athens, Berlin, Sydney, Atlanta, Guadalajara, San Francisco, Oakland, Montreal, Monterey, Melbourne, Ankara, Recife, Phoenix/Mesa, Durban, Porto Alegre, Dalian, Jeddah, Seattle, Cape Town, San Diego, Fortaleza, Curitiba, Rome, Naples, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Tel Aviv, Birmingham, Frankfurt, Lisbon, Manchester, San Juan, Katowice, Tashkent, Fukuoka, Baku, Sumqayit, St. Louis, Baltimore, Sapporo, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Taichung, Warsaw, Denver, Cologne, Bonn, Hamburg, Dubai, Pretoria, Vancouver, Beirut, Budapest, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Campinas, Harare, Brasilia, Kuwait, Munich, Portland, Brussels, Vienna, San Jose, Damman , Copenhagen, Brisbane, Riverside, San Bernardino, Cincinnati and Accra Usain Bolt The Honourable Usain Bolt OJ CD OLY Bolt at the 2016 Summer Olympics Personal information Full name Usain St. Leo Bolt Nickname Lightning Bolt[1] Born 21 August 1986 (age 37) Sherwood Content, Jamaica Height 1.95 m (6 ft 5 in)[2] Weight 94 kg (207 lb)[3] Website usainbolt.com Sport Sport Track and field Event Sprints Club Racers Track Club Coached by Glen Mills[4] Retired 2017[5] Achievements and titles Personal bests 40 yd: 4.22 (Atlanta, 2019)[6][note 1] 100 m: 9.58 WR (Berlin 2009)[7] 150 m: 14.35 WB[note 2] (Manchester 2009)[8] 200 m: 19.19 WR (Berlin 2009)[9] 300 m: 30.97 NR (Ostrava 2010)[10] 400 m: 45.28 (Kingston 2007)[10] 800 m: 2:05h[11] Medal record Men's athletics Representing Jamaica Event 1st 2nd 3rd Olympic Games 8 0 0 World Championships 11 2 1 World Relays 0 1 0 CAC Championships 1 0 0 Commonwealth Games 1 0 0 World Junior Championships 1 2 0 World Youth Championships 1 0 0 Total 23 5 1 Event 1st 2nd 3rd 100 m 6 0 1 200 m 10 1 0 4×100 m relay 7 3 0 4×400 m relay 0 1 0 Total 23 5 1 Olympic Games Gold medal – first place 2008 Beijing 100 m Gold medal – first place 2008 Beijing 200 m Gold medal – first place 2012 London 100 m Gold medal – first place 2012 London 200 m Gold medal – first place 2012 London 4×100 m relay Gold medal – first place 2016 Rio de Janeiro 100 m Gold medal – first place 2016 Rio de Janeiro 200 m Gold medal – first place 2016 Rio de Janeiro 4×100 m relay Disqualified 2008 Beijing 4×100 m relay World Championships Gold medal – first place 2009 Berlin 100 m Gold medal – first place 2009 Berlin 200 m Gold medal – first place 2009 Berlin 4×100 m relay Gold medal – first place 2011 Daegu 200 m Gold medal – first place 2011 Daegu 4×100 m relay Gold medal – first place 2013 Moscow 100 m Gold medal – first place 2013 Moscow 200 m Gold medal – first place 2013 Moscow 4×100 m relay Gold medal – first place 2015 Beijing 100 m Gold medal – first place 2015 Beijing 200 m Gold medal – first place 2015 Beijing 4×100 m relay Silver medal – second place 2007 Osaka 200 m Silver medal – second place 2007 Osaka 4×100 m relay Bronze medal – third place 2017 London 100 m World Athletics Relays Silver medal – second place 2015 Nassau 4×100 m relay Diamond League Winner 2012 100 metres CAC Championships Gold medal – first place 2005 Nassau 200 m Commonwealth Games Gold medal – first place 2014 Glasgow 4×100 m relay World Junior Championships Gold medal – first place 2002 Kingston 200 m Silver medal – second place 2002 Kingston 4×100 m relay Silver medal – second place 2002 Kingston 4×400 m relay World Youth Championships Gold medal – first place 2003 Sherbrooke 200 m Pan American Junior Championships Gold medal – first place 2003 Bridgetown 200 m Silver medal – second place 2003 Bridgetown 4×100 m relay CAC Junior Championships (U17) Gold medal – first place 2002 Bridgetown 200 m Gold medal – first place 2002 Bridgetown 400 m Gold medal – first place 2002 Bridgetown 4×100 m relay Gold medal – first place 2002 Bridgetown 4×400 m relay CARIFTA Games Junior (U20) Gold medal – first place 2003 Port of Spain 200 m Gold medal – first place 2003 Port of Spain 400 m Gold medal – first place 2003 Port of Spain 4x100 m relay Gold medal – first place 2003 Port of Spain 4x400 m relay Gold medal – first place 2004 Hamilton 200 m Gold medal – first place 2004 Hamilton 4x100 m relay Gold medal – first place 2004 Hamilton 4x400 m relay CARIFTA Games Junior (U17) Gold medal – first place 2002 Nassau 200m Gold medal – first place 2002 Nassau 400m Gold medal – first place 2002 Nassau 4x100 m relay Gold medal – first place 2002 Nassau 4x400 m relay Silver medal – second place 2001 Bridgetown 200m Silver medal – second place 2001 Bridgetown 400m Silver medal – second place 2001 Bridgetown 4x100 m relay Representing Americas World Cup Silver medal – second place 2006 Athens 200 m Usain St. Leo Bolt OJ CD OLY (/ˈjuːseɪn/;[12] born 21 August 1986) is a Jamaican retired sprinter, widely considered to be the greatest sprinter of all time.[13][14][15] He is the world record holder in the 100 metres, 200 metres, and 4 × 100 metres relay. An eight-time Olympic gold medallist, Bolt is the only sprinter to win Olympic 100 m and 200 m titles at three consecutive Olympics (2008, 2012, and 2016). He also won two 4 × 100 relay gold medals. He gained worldwide fame for his double sprint victory in world record times at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, which made him the first person to hold both records since fully automatic time became mandatory. An eleven-time World Champion, he won consecutive World Championship 100 m, 200 m and 4 × 100 metres relay gold medals from 2009 to 2015, with the exception of a 100 m false start in 2011. He is the most successful male athlete of the World Championships. Bolt is the first athlete to win four World Championship titles in the 200 m and is one of the most successful in the 100 m with three titles, being the first person to run sub-9.7s and sub-9.6s. Bolt improved upon his second 100 m world record of 9.69 with 9.58 seconds in 2009 – the biggest improvement since the start of electronic timing. He has twice broken the 200 metres world record, setting 19.30 in 2008 and 19.19 in 2009. He has helped Jamaica to three 4 × 100 metres relay world records, with the current record being 36.84 seconds set in 2012. Bolt's most successful event is the 200 m, with three Olympic and four World titles. The 2008 Olympics was his international debut over 100 m; he had earlier won numerous 200 m medals (including 2007 World Championship silver) and held the world under-20 and world under-18 records for the event until being surpassed by Erriyon Knighton in 2021. His achievements as a sprinter have earned him the media nickname "Lightning Bolt", and his awards include the IAAF World Athlete of the Year, Track & Field Athlete of the Year, BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year (three times), and Laureus World Sportsman of the Year (four times). Bolt was included in Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2016.[16] Bolt retired after the 2017 World Championships, when he finished third in his last solo 100 m race, opted out of the 200 m, and pulled up injured in the 4×100 m relay final. Early years Bolt was born on 21 August 1986 to parents Wellesley and Jennifer Bolt[10] in Sherwood Content,[17] a small town in Jamaica. Jennifer named her son Usain at the suggestion of her nephew-in-law, who suggested the name as he had a classmate of that name, while Bolt's middle name, St Leo, was given to him by his aunt.[18] He has a brother, Sadiki,[19] and a sister, Sherine.[20][21] His parents ran the local grocery store in the rural area, and Bolt spent his time playing cricket and football in the street with his brother,[22] later saying, "When I was young, I didn't really think about anything other than sports."[23] As a child, Bolt attended Waldensia Primary, where he began showing his sprint potential when he ran in his parish's annual national primary school meet.[1] By the age of twelve, Bolt had become the school's fastest runner over the 100 metres distance.[24] Bolt also developed an affection for European football teams Real Madrid and Manchester United.[15] Upon his entry to William Knibb Memorial High School, Bolt continued to focus on other sports, but his cricket coach noticed Bolt's speed on the pitch and urged him to try track and field events.[25] Pablo McNeil, a former Olympic sprint athlete,[26] and Dwayne Jarrett coached Bolt,[27] encouraging him to focus his energy on improving his athletic abilities. The school had a history of success in athletics with past students, including sprinter Michael Green.[1] Bolt won his first annual high school championships medal in 2001; he took the silver medal in the 200 metres with a time of 22.04 seconds.[1] McNeil soon became his primary coach, and the two enjoyed a positive partnership, although McNeil was occasionally frustrated by Bolt's lack of dedication to his training and his penchant for practical jokes.[26] When Bolt was a boy, he attended Sherwood Content Seventh-day Adventist Church in Trelawny, Jamaica, with his mother. His mother did not serve pork to him in accordance with Adventist beliefs.[28] Early competitions Representing Jamaica in his first Caribbean regional event, Bolt clocked a personal best time of 48.28 s in the 400 metres in the 2001 CARIFTA Games, winning a silver medal. The 200 m also yielded a silver, as Bolt finished in 21.81 s.[29] He made his first appearance on the world stage at the 2001 IAAF World Youth Championships in Debrecen, Hungary. Running in the 200 m event, he failed to qualify for the finals, but he still set a new personal best of 21.73 s.[30] Bolt still did not take athletics or himself too seriously, however, and he took his mischievousness to new heights by hiding in the back of a van when he was supposed to be preparing for the 200 m finals at the CARIFTA Trials. He was detained by the police for his practical joke, and there was an outcry from the local community, which blamed coach McNeil for the incident.[26] However, the controversy subsided, and both McNeil and Bolt went to the CARIFTA Games, where Bolt set championship records in the 200 m and 400 m with times of 21.12 s and 47.33 s, respectively.[29] He continued to set records with 20.61 s and 47.12 s finishes at the Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships.[31] Bolt is one of only nine athletes (along with Valerie Adams, Veronica Campbell-Brown, Jacques Freitag, Yelena Isinbayeva, Jana Pittman, Dani Samuels, David Storl, and Kirani James) to win world championships at the youth, junior, and senior level of an athletic event. Former Prime Minister P. J. Patterson recognised Bolt's talent and arranged for him to move to Kingston, along with Jermaine Gonzales, so he could train with the Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association (JAAA) at the University of Technology, Jamaica.[26] Rise to prominence The 2002 World Junior Championships were held in front of a home crowd in Kingston, Jamaica, and Bolt was given a chance to prove his credentials on a world stage. By the age of 15, he had grown to 1.96 metres (6 ft 5 in) tall, and he physically stood out among his peers.[1] He won the 200 m in a time of 20.61 s,[32] which was 0.03 s slower than his personal best of 20.58 s, which he set in the 1st round.[33] Bolt's 200 m win made him the youngest world-junior gold medallist ever.[34] The expectation from the home crowd had made him so nervous that he had put his shoes on the wrong feet, although he realized the mistake before the race began.[35] However, it turned out to be a revelatory experience for Bolt, as he vowed never again to let himself be affected by pre-race nerves.[36] As a member of the Jamaican sprint relay team, he also took two silver medals and set national junior records in the 4×100 metres and 4×400 metres relay, running times of 39.15 s and 3:04.06 minutes respectively.[37][38] The rush of medals continued as he won four golds at the 2003 CARIFTA Games and was awarded the Austin Sealy Trophy for the most outstanding athlete of the games.[39][40][41] He won another gold at the 2003 World Youth Championships. He set a new championship record in the 200 m with a time of 20.40 s, despite a 1.1 m/s (4.0 km/h; 2.5 mph) head wind.[42] Michael Johnson, the 200 m world-record holder, took note of Bolt's potential but worried that the young sprinter might be over-pressured, stating, "It's all about what he does three, four, five years down the line".[43] Bolt had also impressed the athletics hierarchy, and he received the IAAF Rising Star Award for 2002.[44] Bolt competed in his final Jamaican High School Championships in 2003. He broke the 200 m and 400 m records with times of 20.25 s and 45.35 s, respectively. Bolt's runs were a significant improvement upon the previous records, beating the 200 m best by more than half a second and the 400 m record by almost a second.[1] Bolt improved upon the 200 m time three months later, setting the former World youth best at the 2003 Pan American Junior Championships.[45] The 400 m time remains No. 6 on the all-time youth list, surpassed only once since, by future Olympic champion Kirani James.[46] Bolt turned his main focus to the 200 m and equalled Roy Martin's world junior record of 20.13 s at the Pan-American Junior Championships.[1][47] This performance attracted interest from the press, and his times in the 200 m and 400 m led to him being touted as a possible successor to Johnson. Indeed, at sixteen years old, Bolt had reached times that Johnson did not register until he was twenty, and Bolt's 200 m time was superior to Maurice Greene's season's best that year.[43] Bolt was growing more popular in his homeland. Howard Hamilton, who was given the task of Public Defender by the government, urged the JAAA to nurture him and prevent burnout, calling Bolt "the most phenomenal sprinter ever produced by this island".[43] His popularity and the attractions of the capital city were beginning to be a burden to the young sprinter. Bolt was increasingly unfocused on his athletic career and preferred to eat fast food, play basketball, and party in Kingston's club scene. In the absence of a disciplined lifestyle, he became ever-more reliant on his natural ability to beat his competitors on the track.[48] As the reigning 200 m champion at both the World Youth and World Junior championships, Bolt hoped to take a clean sweep of the world 200 m championships in the Senior World Championships in Paris.[1] He beat all comers at the 200 m in the World Championship trials. Bolt was pragmatic about his chances and noted that, even if he did not make the final, he would consider setting a personal best a success.[43][49] However, he suffered a bout of conjunctivitis before the event, and it ruined his training schedule.[1] Realising that he would not be in peak condition, the JAAA refused to let him participate in the finals, on the grounds that he was too young and inexperienced. Bolt was dismayed at missing out on the opportunity, but focused on getting himself in shape to gain a place on the Jamaican Olympic team instead.[49] Even though he missed the World Championships, Bolt was awarded the IAAF Rising Star Award for the 2003 season on the strength of his junior record-equalling run.[44][50] Professional athletics career 2004–2007 Early career Bolt at the Crystal Palace Meeting in 2007 Under the guidance of new coach Fitz Coleman, Bolt turned professional in 2004, beginning with the CARIFTA Games in Bermuda.[1] He became the first junior sprinter to run the 200 m in under twenty seconds, taking the world junior record outright with a time of 19.93 s.[1][34] For the second time in the role, he was awarded the Austin Sealy Trophy for the most outstanding athlete of the 2004 CARIFTA Games.[39][40][51] A hamstring injury in May ruined Bolt's chances of competing in the 2004 World Junior Championships, but he was still chosen for the Jamaican Olympic squad.[52] Bolt headed to the 2004 Athens Olympics with confidence and a new record on his side. However, he was hampered by a leg injury and was eliminated in the first round of the 200 metres with a disappointing time of 21.05 s.[10][53] American colleges offered Bolt track scholarships to train in the United States while continuing to represent Jamaica on the international stage, but the teenager from Trelawny refused them all, stating that he was content to stay in his homeland of Jamaica.[21] Bolt instead chose the surroundings of the University of Technology, Jamaica, as his professional training ground, staying with the university's track and weight room that had served him well in his amateur years.[54] The year 2005 signalled a fresh start for Bolt in the form of a new coach, Glen Mills, and a new attitude toward athletics. Mills recognised Bolt's potential and aimed to cease what he considered an unprofessional approach to the sport.[53] Bolt began training with Mills in preparation for the upcoming athletics season, partnering with more seasoned sprinters such as Kim Collins and Dwain Chambers.[55] The year began well, and in July, he knocked more than a third of a second off the 200 m CAC Championship record with a run of 20.03 s,[56] then registered his 200 m season's best at London's Crystal Palace, running in 19.99 s.[10] Bolt trailing behind Gay in the closing stages of the 200 m race, 2007 Misfortune awaited Bolt at the next major event, the 2005 World Championships in Helsinki. Bolt felt that both his work ethic and athleticism had much improved since the 2004 Olympics, and he saw the World Championships as a way to live up to expectations, stating, "I really want to make up for what happened in Athens. Hopefully, everything will fall into place".[57] Bolt qualified with runs under 21 s, but he suffered an injury in the final, finishing in last place with a time of 26.27 s.[53][58] Injuries were preventing him from completing a full professional athletics season, and the eighteen-year-old Bolt still had not proven his mettle in the major world-athletics competitions.[59] However, his appearance made him the youngest ever person to appear in a 200 m world final.[60] Bolt was involved in a car accident in November, and although he suffered only minor facial lacerations, his training schedule was further upset.[61][62] His manager at the time, Norman Peart, made Bolt's training less intensive, and he had fully recuperated the following week.[61] Bolt had continued to improve his performances, and he reached the world top-5 rankings in 2005 and 2006.[1] Peart and Mills stated their intentions to push Bolt to do longer sprinting distances with the aim of making the 400 m event his primary event by 2007 or 2008. Bolt was less enthusiastic, and demanded that he feel comfortable in his sprinting.[61][63] He suffered another hamstring injury in March 2006, forcing him to withdraw from the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, and he did not return to track events until May.[64] After his recovery, Bolt was given new training exercises to improve flexibility, and the plans to move him up to the 400 m event were put on hold.[59] The 200 m remained Bolt's primary event when he returned to competition; he bested Justin Gatlin's meet record in Ostrava, Czech Republic. Bolt had aspired to run under twenty seconds to claim a season's best but, despite the fact that bad weather had impaired his run, he was happy to end the meeting with just the victory.[65] However, a sub-20-second finish was soon his, as he set a new personal best of 19.88 s at the 2006 Athletissima Grand Prix in Lausanne, Switzerland, finishing behind Xavier Carter and Tyson Gay to earn a bronze medal.[66] Bolt had focused his athletics aims, stating that 2006 was a year to gain experience. Also, he was more keen on competing over longer distances, setting his sights on running regularly in both 200 m and 400 m events within the next two years.[65] Bolt (left) on the podium with his silver medal from the 200 m race in Osaka (2007). Winner: Tyson Gay in the center. Bolt claimed his first major world medal two months later at the IAAF World Athletics Final in Stuttgart, Germany. He passed the finishing post with a time of 20.10 s, gaining a bronze medal in the process.[10] The IAAF World Cup in Athens, Greece, yielded Bolt's first senior international silver medal.[10] Wallace Spearmon from the United States won gold with a championship record time of 19.87 s, beating Bolt's respectable time of 19.96 s.[67] Further 200 m honours on both the regional and international stages awaited Bolt in 2007. He yearned to run in the 100 metres but Mills was skeptical, believing that Bolt was better suited for middle distances. The coach cited the runner's difficulty in smoothly starting out of the blocks and poor habits such as looking back at opponents in sprints. Mills told Bolt that he could run the shorter distance if he broke the 200 m national record.[53] In the Jamaican Championships, he ran 19.75 s in the 200 m, breaking the 36-year-old Jamaican record held by Don Quarrie by 0.11 s.[1][21] Mills complied with Bolt's demand to run in the 100 m, and he was entered to run the event at the 23rd Vardinoyiannia meeting in Rethymno, Crete. In his debut tournament, he won the gold medal in a time of 10.03 s, feeding his enthusiasm for the event.[21][68] He built on this achievement at the 2007 World Championships in Osaka, Japan, winning a silver medal.[10] Bolt recorded 19.91 s with a headwind of 0.8 m/s (2.9 km/h; 1.8 mph). The race was won by Tyson Gay in 19.76 s, a new championship record.[69] Bolt was a member of the silver medal relay team with Asafa Powell, Marvin Anderson, and Nesta Carter in the 4×100 metres relay. Jamaica set a national record of 37.89 s.[70] Bolt did not win any gold medals at the major tournaments in 2007, but Mills felt that Bolt's technique was much improved, pinpointing improvements in Bolt's balance at the turns over 200 m and an increase in his stride frequency, giving him more driving power on the track.[53] World-record breaker The silver medals from the 2007 Osaka World Championships boosted Bolt's desire to sprint, and he took a more serious, more mature stance towards his career.[25] Bolt continued to develop in the 100 m, and he decided to compete in the event at the Jamaica Invitational in Kingston. On 3 May 2008, Bolt ran a time of 9.76 s, with a 1.8 m/s (6.5 km/h; 4.0 mph) tail wind, improving his personal best from 10.03 s.[71] This was the second-fastest legal performance in the history of the event, second only to compatriot Asafa Powell's 9.74 s record set the previous year in Rieti, Italy.[72] Rival Tyson Gay lauded the performance, especially praising Bolt's form and technique.[73] Michael Johnson observed the race and said that he was shocked at how quickly Bolt had improved over the 100 m distance.[74] The Jamaican surprised even himself with the time, but coach Glen Mills remained confident that there was more to come.[73] On 31 May 2008, Bolt set a new 100 m world record at the Reebok Grand Prix in the Icahn Stadium in New York City. He ran 9.72s with a tail wind of 1.7 m/s (6.1 km/h; 3.8 mph).[75] This race was Bolt's fifth senior 100 m.[76] Gay again finished second and said of Bolt: "It looked like his knees were going past my face."[21] Commentators noted that Bolt appeared to have gained a psychological advantage over fellow Olympic contender Gay.[53] In June 2008, Bolt responded to claims that he was a lazy athlete, saying that the comments were unjustified, and he trained hard to achieve his potential. However, he surmised that such comments stemmed from his lack of enthusiasm for the 400 metres event; he chose not to make an effort to train for that particular distance.[77] Turning his efforts to the 200 m, Bolt proved that he could excel in two events—first setting the world-leading time in Ostrava, then breaking the national record for the second time with a 19.67 s finish in Athens, Greece.[78][79] Although Mills still preferred that Bolt focus on the longer distances, the acceptance of Bolt's demand to run in the 100 m worked for both sprinter and trainer. Bolt was more focused in practice, and a training schedule to boost his top speed and his stamina, in preparation for the Olympics, had improved both his 100 m and 200 m times.[21][80][81] 2008 Summer Olympics Bolt doubled-up with the 100 metres and 200 metres events at the Beijing Summer Olympics. As the new 100 m world-record holder, he was the favourite to win both races.[82][83] Michael Johnson, the 200 m and 400 m record holder, personally backed the sprinter, saying that he did not believe that a lack of experience would work against him.[84] Bolt qualified for the 100 m final with times of 9.92 s and 9.85 s in the quarter-finals and semi-finals, respectively.[85][86][87] "And a fair start, Asafa Powell, Usain Bolt is also out well. Here they come down the track. USAIN BOLT! SPRINTING AHEAD, WINNING BY DAYLIGHT!" —Tom Hammond, NBC Sports, with the call for the men's 100 metres final at the 2008 Summer Olympics. In the Olympic 100 m final (16 August), Bolt broke new ground, winning in 9.69 s (unofficially 9.683 s) with a reaction time of 0.165 s.[88] This was an improvement upon his own world record, and he was well ahead of second-place finisher Richard Thompson, who finished in 9.89 s.[89] Not only was the record set with no favourable wind (0.0 m/s), but he also visibly slowed down to celebrate before he finished and his shoelace was untied.[90][91][92] Bolt's coach reported that, based upon the speed of Bolt's opening 60 m, he could have finished with a time of 9.52 s.[93] After scientific analysis of Bolt's run by the Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics at the University of Oslo, Hans Eriksen and his colleagues also predicted a sub 9.60 s time. Considering factors such as Bolt's position, acceleration and velocity in comparison with second-place-finisher Thompson, the team estimated that Bolt could have finished in 9.55±0.04 s had he not slowed to celebrate before the finishing line.[94][95] Bolt stated that setting a world record was not a priority for him, and that his goal was just to win the gold medal, Jamaica's first of the 2008 Games.[96] Olympic medallist Kriss Akabusi construed Bolt's chest slapping before the finish line as showboating, noting that the actions cost Bolt an even faster record time.[97] IOC president Jacques Rogge also condemned the Jamaican's actions as disrespectful.[98][99] Bolt denied that this was the purpose of his celebration by saying, "I wasn't bragging. When I saw I wasn't covered, I was just happy".[100] Lamine Diack, president of the IAAF, supported Bolt and said that his celebration was appropriate given the circumstances of his victory. Jamaican government minister Edmund Bartlett also defended Bolt's actions, stating, "We have to see it in the glory of their moment and give it to them. We have to allow the personality of youth to express itself".[101] Bolt doing the "Lightning Bolt" just before breaking the 200 m world record in the Beijing National Stadium Bolt then focused on attaining a gold medal in the 200 m event, aiming to emulate Carl Lewis' double win in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics.[102] Michael Johnson felt that Bolt would easily win gold but believed that his own world record of 19.32 s set at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta would remain intact at the Olympics.[103] Bolt eased through the first and second rounds of the 200 m, jogging towards the end of his run both times.[104] He won his semi-final and progressed to the final as the favourite to win.[105] Retired Jamaican sprinter Don Quarrie praised Bolt, saying he was confident that Johnson's record could be beaten.[44] The following day, at the final, he won Jamaica's fourth gold of the Games, setting a new world and Olympic record of 19.30 s.[106] Johnson's record fell despite the fact that Bolt was impeded by a 0.9 m/s (3.2 km/h; 2.0 mph) headwind. The feat made him the first sprinter since Quarrie to hold both 100 m and 200 m world records simultaneously and the first to hold both records since the introduction of electronic timing.[106][107] Furthermore, Bolt became the first sprinter to break both records at the same Olympics.[108] Unlike in the 100 m final, Bolt sprinted hard all the way to the finishing line in the 200 m race, even dipping his chest to improve his time.[109] Following the race, "Happy Birthday" was played over the stadium's sound system as his 22nd birthday would begin at midnight.[109] Two days later, Bolt ran as the third leg in the Jamaican 4 × 100 metres relay team, increasing his gold medal total to three.[110] Along with teammates Nesta Carter, Michael Frater, and Asafa Powell, Bolt broke another world and Olympic record, their 37.10 s finish breaking the previous record by three-tenths of a second.[111] Powell, who anchored the team to the finishing line, lamented the loss of his 100m record to Bolt but showed no animosity towards his Jamaican rival, stating that he was delighted to help him set his third world record.[112] In January 2017 the Jamaican relay teammates were stripped of their gold medals when a blood sample taken from Carter after the race was retested and found positive for a banned substance.[113] Following his victories, Bolt donated US$50,000 to the children of Sichuan province in China to help those harmed by the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.[114] Bolt poses and celebrates for press photographers after winning the 100 m final at the 2008 Olympics Bolt's record-setting runs caused commentators not only to praise his achievements but to speculate about his potential to become one of the most successful sprinters in history.[23][115] Critics hailed his Olympic success as a new beginning for a sport that had long suffered through high-profile drug scandals.[76][116] The previous six years had seen the BALCO scandal, Tim Montgomery and Justin Gatlin stripped of their 100 m world records, and Marion Jones returning three Olympic gold medals.[117] All three sprinters were disqualified from athletics after drugs tests detected banned substances in their systems.[118][119] Bolt's record-breaking performances caused suspicion among some commentators, including Victor Conte, and the lack of an independent Caribbean anti-doping federation raised more concerns.[120][121] The accusations of drug use were vehemently rejected by Glen Mills (Bolt's coach) and Herb Elliott (the Jamaican athletics team doctor). Elliott, a member of the IAAF anti-doping commission, urged those concerned about the issue to "come down and see our programme, come down and see our testing, we have nothing to hide".[122] Mills had been equally ardent that Bolt was a clean athlete, declaring to the Jamaica Gleaner: "We will test any time, any day, any part of the body...[he] doesn't even like to take vitamins".[123] Bolt stated that he had been tested four times prior to the Olympics, and all had tested negative for banned substances. He also welcomed anti-doping authorities to test him to prove that he was clean, stating, "We work hard and we perform well and we know we're clean".[124] I was slowing down long before the finish and wasn't tired at all. I could have gone back to the start and done it all over again. — Usain Bolt's thoughts on his 100m sprint at the 2008 Olympics, published in his autobiography Usain Bolt 9.58[125] After the 2008 Olympics At the end of the 2008 athletics season, Bolt competed in the ÅF Golden League, beginning in Weltklasse Zürich. Despite having the slowest start among his competitors in the 100 m race, he still crossed the finishing line in 9.83 s.[126] Even though the time was slower than both his newly set world record and Asafa Powell's track record, it was still among the top-fifteen 100 m finishes by any sprinter to that date.[90] Bolt admitted that he was not running at full strength because he was suffering from a cold, but he concentrated on winning the race and finishing the season in good health.[126] At the Super Grand Prix final in Lausanne, Bolt ran his second-fastest 200 m with a time of 19.63 s, equalling Xavier Carter's track record.[127] However, it was the 100 m final, featuring Asafa Powell, that drew the most interest. Powell had moved closer to Bolt's world record after setting a new personal best of 9.72 s, reaffirming his status as Bolt's main contender.[128] Bolt's final event of the season came three days later at the Golden League final in Brussels. This was the first 100 m race featuring both Bolt and Powell since the final in the Olympics. Both Jamaicans broke the track record, but Bolt came out on top with a time of 9.77 s, beating Powell by 0.06 s. Victory, however, did not come as smoothly as it had in Beijing. Bolt made the slowest start of the nine competitors and had to recover ground in cold conditions and against a 0.9 m/s (3.2 km/h; 2.0 mph) headwind.[129] Yet the results confirmed Jamaican dominance in the 100 m, with nine of the ten-fastest legal times in history being recorded by either Bolt or Powell.[90] On his return to Jamaica, Bolt was honoured in a homecoming celebration and received an Order of Distinction in recognition of his achievements at the Olympics.[130] Additionally, Bolt was selected as the IAAF Male Athlete of the year, won a Special Olympic Award for his performances, and was named Laureus World Sportsman of the Year.[131][132] Bolt turned his attention to future events, suggesting that he could aim to break the 400 metres world record in 2010 as no major championships were scheduled that year.[133] 2009 Berlin World Championships Bolt (centre) in the starting blocks before breaking the world record for 150 metres (14.35 seconds) Bolt started the season competing in the 400 metres in order to improve his speed, winning two races and registering 45.54 s in Kingston,[134] and windy conditions gave him his first sub-10 seconds finish of the season in the 100 m in March.[135] In late April, Bolt suffered minor leg injuries in a car crash. However, he quickly recovered following minor surgery and (after cancelling a track meet in Jamaica) he stated that he was fit to compete in the 150 metres street race at the Manchester Great City Games.[136] Bolt won the race in 14.35 s, the fastest time ever recorded for 150 m.[8] Despite not being at full fitness, he took the 100 and 200 m titles at the Jamaican national championships, with runs of 9.86 s and 20.25 s respectively.[137][138] This meant he had qualified for both events at the 2009 World Championships. Rival Tyson Gay suggested that Bolt's 100 m record was within his grasp, but Bolt dismissed the claim and instead noted that he was more interested in Asafa Powell's return from injury.[139] Bolt defied unfavourable conditions at the Athletissima meet in July, running 19.59 seconds into a 0.9 m/s (3.2 km/h; 2.0 mph) headwind and rain, to record the fourth fastest time ever over 200 m,[140] one hundredth off Gay's best time.[141] Bolt beating Tyson Gay and setting a 100 m world record at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin. The 2009 World Championships were held during August at the Olympic Stadium in Berlin, which was coincidentally the same month and venue where Jesse Owens had achieved world-wide fame 73 years earlier. Bolt eased through the 100-m heats, clocking the fastest ever pre-final performance of 9.89 seconds.[142] The final was the first time that Bolt and Gay had met during the season, and Bolt set a new world record—which stands to this day—with a time of 9.58s to win his first World Championship gold medal.[143] Bolt took more than a tenth of a second off his previous best mark, and this was the largest-ever margin of improvement in the 100-m world record since the beginning of electronic timing.[7] Gay finished with a time of 9.71 s, 0.02 s off Bolt's 9.69 s world-record run in Beijing.[144][145] Bolt addresses the press in the Mixed Zone at the 2009 IAAF World Championships Although Gay withdrew from the second race of the competition, Bolt once again produced world record-breaking time in the 200 metres final. He broke his own record by 0.11 seconds, finishing with a time of 19.19 seconds.[146] He won the 200 m race by the largest margin in World Championships history, even though the race had three other athletes running under 19.90 seconds, the greatest number ever in the event.[9][147] Bolt's pace impressed even the more experienced of his competitors; third-placed Wallace Spearmon complimented his speed,[148] and the Olympic champion in Athens 2004 Shawn Crawford said "Just coming out there...I felt like I was in a video game, that guy was moving – fast".[149] Bolt pointed out that an important factor in his performance at the World Championships was his improved start to the races: his reaction times in the 100 m (0.146)[150] and 200 m (0.133)[151] were significantly faster than those he had produced in his world record runs at the Beijing Olympics.[152][153] However, he, together with other members of Jamaican 4×100 m relay team, fell short of their own world record of 37.10 s set at 2008 Summer Olympics by timing 37.31 s, which is, however, a championship record and the second fastest time in history at that date.[154] Michael Frater, Bolt, and Asafa Powell after winning the 4×100 m relay. Steve Mullings is missing from the picture. On the last day of the Berlin Championships, the Governing Mayor of Berlin, Klaus Wowereit, presented Bolt with a 12-foot high section of the Berlin Wall in a small ceremony, saying Bolt had shown that "one can tear down walls that had been considered as insurmountable."[155] The nearly three-ton segment was delivered to the Jamaica Military Museum in Kingston.[156] Several days after Bolt broke the world records in 100 and 200 metres events, Mike Powell, the world record holder in long jump (8.95 metres set in 1991) argued that Bolt could become the first man to jump over 9 metres, the long jump event being "a perfect fit for his speed and height".[157] At the end of the season, he was selected as the IAAF World Athlete of the Year for the second year running.[158] 2010 Diamond League and broken streak Early on in the 2010 outdoor season, Bolt ran 19.56 seconds in the 200 m in Kingston, Jamaica for the fourth-fastest run of all time, although he stated that he had no record breaking ambitions for the forthcoming season.[159] He took to the international circuit May with wins in East Asia at the Colorful Daegu Pre-Championships Meeting and then a comfortable win in his 2010 IAAF Diamond League debut at the Shanghai Golden Grand Prix.[160][161] Bolt made an attempt to break Michael Johnson's best time over the rarely competed 300 metres event at the Golden Spike meeting in Ostrava. He failed to match Johnson's ten-year-old record of 30.85 and suffered a setback in that his 30.97-second run in wet weather had left him with an Achilles tendon problem.[162][163] After his return from injury a month later, Bolt asserted himself with a 100 m win at the Athletissima meeting in Lausanne (9.82 seconds) and a victory over Asafa Powell at Meeting Areva in Paris (9.84 seconds).[164][165] Despite this run of form, he suffered only the second loss of his career in a 100 m final at the DN Galan. Tyson Gay soundly defeated him with a run of 9.84 to Bolt's 9.97 seconds, and the Jamaican reflected that he had slacked off in training early in the season while Gay had been better prepared and in a better condition.[166] This marked Bolt's first loss to Gay in the 100 m, which coincidentally occurred in the same stadium where Powell had beaten Bolt for the first time two years earlier.[167] 2011 World Championships Bolt during the 200 m final at the 2011 World Championships in Daegu Bolt went undefeated over 100 m and 200 m in the 2011 season. He began with wins in Rome and Ostrava in May.[168] He ran his first 200 m in over a year in Oslo that June and his time of 19.86 seconds was a world-leading one. Two further 200 m wins came in Paris and Stockholm the following month, as did a 100 m in Monaco, though he was a tenth of a second slower than compatriot Asafa Powell before the world championships.[169] Considered the favourite to win in the 100 metres at the 2011 World Championships in Daegu, Bolt was eliminated from the final, breaking "ridiculously early" according to the starter in an interview for BBC Sport, and receiving a false start.[170] This proved to be the highest profile disqualification for a false start since the IAAF changed the rules that previously allowed one false start per race. The disqualification caused some to question the new rule, with former world champion Kim Collins saying it was "a sad night for athletics". Usain Bolt's countryman, Yohan Blake, won in a comparatively slow 9.92 seconds.[171] Bolt celebrating his relay victory at the 2011 World Championships In the World Championships 200 m, Bolt cruised through to the final which he won in a time of 19.40.[172] Though this was short of his world record times of the two previous major tournaments, it was the fourth fastest run ever at that point, after his own records and Michael Johnson's former record, and left him three tenths of a second ahead of runner-up Walter Dix. This achievement made Bolt one of only two men to win consecutive 200 m world titles, alongside Calvin Smith.[173] Bolt closed the championships with another gold with Jamaica in the 4 × 100 metres relay. Nesta Carter and Michael Frater joined world champions Bolt and Blake to set a world record time of 37.04.[174] Following the World Championships, Bolt ran 9.85 seconds for the 100 m to win in Zagreb before setting the year's best time of 9.76 seconds at the Memorial Van Damme. This run was overshadowed by Jamaican rival Blake's unexpected run of 19.26 seconds in the 200 m at the same meeting, which brought him within seven hundredths of Bolt's world record.[175] Although Bolt failed to win the Diamond Race in a specific event, he was not beaten on the 2011 IAAF Diamond League circuit, taking three wins in each of his specialities that year.[168][176] 2012 Summer Olympics Bolt at the start of his record-breaking win during the 100 metres final at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Bolt began the 2012 season with a leading 100 m time of 9.82 seconds in May.[177] He defeated Asafa Powell with runs of 9.76 seconds in Rome and 9.79 in Oslo.[178] At the Jamaican Athletics Championships, he lost to Yohan Blake, first in the 200 m and then in the 100 m, with his younger rival setting leading times for the year.[179][180] However, at the 2012 London Olympics, he won the 100 metres gold medal with a time of 9.63 seconds, improving upon his own Olympic record and duplicating his gold medal from the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Blake was the silver medallist with a time of 9.75 seconds.[181][182] Following the race, seventh-place finisher Richard Thompson of Trinidad and Tobago declared "There's no doubt he's the greatest sprinter of all time", while USA Today referred to Bolt as a Jamaican "national hero", noting that his victory came just hours before Jamaica was to celebrate the 50th anniversary of its independence from the United Kingdom.[183] With his 2012 win, Bolt became the first man to successfully defend an Olympic sprint title since Carl Lewis in 1988.[184] I'm now a legend. I'm also the greatest athlete to live. — Usain Bolt, after winning his seventh title in the 100 and 200 m, 9 August 2012[185] Bolt followed this up with a successful defence of his Olympic 200 metres title with a time of 19.32 seconds, followed by Blake at 19.44 and Warren Weir at 19.84 to complete a Jamaican podium sweep. With this, Bolt became the first man in history to defend both the 100 m and 200 m Olympic sprint titles.[186][187] He was dramatic in victory: in the final metres of the 200 m race, Bolt placed his fingers on his lips, gesturing to silence his critics, and after crossing the line he completed five push-ups – one for each of his Olympic gold medals.[185][188][189] Bolt at the start of the 2012 Olympic 200 m On the final day of the 2012 Olympic athletics, Bolt participated in Jamaica's gold medal-winning 4×100 metres relay team along with Nesta Carter, Michael Frater and Blake. With a time of 36.84 seconds, they knocked two tenths of a second from their previous world record from 2011.[190] He celebrated by imitating the "Mobot" celebration of Mo Farah, who had claimed a long-distance track double for the host nation.[191] International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge initially stated that Bolt was not yet a "legend" and would not deserve such acclaim until the end of his career,[192] but later called him the best sprinter of all time.[193] Following the Olympics he was confirmed as the highest earning track and field athlete in history.[194] Bolt ended his season with wins on the 2012 IAAF Diamond League circuit; he had 200 m wins of 19.58 and 19.66 in Lausanne and Zürich before closing with a 100 m of 9.86 in Brussels.[195][196] The latter run brought him his first Diamond League title in the 100 m.[197] 2013 World Championships 100m heat, Moscow, 2013 Bolt celebrating at the 2013 London Anniversary Games Bolt failed to record below 10 seconds early season and had his first major 100 m race of 2013 at the Golden Gala in June. He was served an unexpected defeat by Justin Gatlin, with the American winning 9.94 to Bolt's 9.95. Bolt denied the loss was due to a hamstring issue he had early that year and Gatlin responded: "I don't know how many people have beaten Bolt but it's an honour".[198][199] With Yohan Blake injured, Bolt won the Jamaican 100 m title ahead of Kemar Bailey-Cole and skipped the 200 m, which was won by Warren Weir.[200][201] Prior to the 2013 World Championships in Athletics, Bolt set world leading times in the sprints, with 9.85 for the 100 m at the London Anniversary Games and 19.73 for the 200 m in Paris.[202][203] Bolt regained the title as world's fastest man by winning the World Championships 100 metres in Moscow. In wet conditions, he edged Gatlin by eight hundredths of a second with 9.77, which was the fastest run that year.[204][205] Gatlin was the sole non-Jamaican in the top five, with Nesta Carter, Nickel Ashmeade and Bailey-Cole finishing next.[206] Bolt running the 2013 World 100 m heats Bolt was less challenged in the 200 m final. His closest rival was Jamaican champion Warren Weir but Bolt ran a time of 19.66 to finish over a tenth of a second clear.[207] This performance made Bolt the first man in the history of the 200 metres at the World Championships in Athletics to win three gold medals over the distance.[208] Bolt won a third consecutive world relay gold medal in the 4 × 100 metres relay final, which made him the most successful athlete in the 30-year history of the world championships.[209] The Jamaican team, featuring four of the top five from the 100 m final were comfortable winners with Bolt reaching the finish line on his anchor leg three tenths of a second ahead of the American team anchored by Gatlin.[210] Bolt's performances were matched on the women's side by Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, meaning Jamaica took a complete sweep of the sprint medals at the 2013 World Championships.[209] After the championships, Bolt took 100 m wins on the 2013 IAAF Diamond League circuit in Zürich and Brussels. He remained unbeaten in the 200 m and his only loss that year was to Gatlin over 100 m in Rome.[211] For the fifth time in six years, Bolt was named IAAF World Male Athlete of the Year.[212] 2014: Injury and Commonwealth Games An injury to Bolt's hamstring in March 2014 caused him to miss nine weeks of training. Having recovered from surgery, Bolt competed in the 4 × 100 metres relay of the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. Not in peak form Bolt said that he was attending the Games for the fans and to show his progress since the injury.[213] Bolt and his teammates won the 4 × 100 metres relay in 37.58 seconds – a Commonwealth Games record.[214] This was the foremost competition of the year for Bolt, given no Olympics or World Championships in 2014. In August 2014, Bolt set the indoor 100 m world record in Warsaw with a time of 9.98 seconds.[215] This was his sole individual outing of the 2014 season.[216] Soon afterwards he ended his season early in order to be fit for the 2015 season.[217] In Bolt's absence, Justin Gatlin had dominated the sprints, holding the year's fastest times, including seven of the top ten 100 m runs that season.[216][218] 2015 Beijing World Championships At the start of 2015, he intended to make the 2017 World Championships in Athletics his last major competition before retirement.[219] Bolt after winning his fourth 200 m world title Upon his return from injury, Bolt appeared a reduced figure at the start of the 2015 season. He ran only two 100 m and three 200 m before the major championship. He opened with 10.12 seconds for the 100 m and 20.20 for the 200 m. He won the 200 m in New York and Ostrava, but his season's best time of 20.13 seconds ranked him 20th in the world going into the championships.[220] Two 100 m runs of 9.87 in July in London showed better form, but in comparison, Justin Gatlin was easily the top ranked sprinter – the American had times of 9.74 and 19.57 seconds, and had already run under 9.8 seconds on four occasions that season.[220][221] Bolt entered the World Championships to defend his sprint titles but was not the comfortable favourite he had been since 2008.[222][223] In the World Championships 100 m, Bolt won his semi-final in 9.96, which lagged Gatlin's semi-final win in 9.77 seconds.[221] However, Gatlin did not match that form in the final while Bolt improved through the rounds. In a narrow victory, Bolt leaned at the line to beat Gatlin 9.79 to 9.80 seconds. Bolt joined Carl Lewis and Maurice Greene on a record three 100 m world titles.[224][225][226] Bolt taking a close World 100 m win over Justin Gatlin A similar outcome followed in the 200 m World finals. In the semi-final, Gatlin outpaced Bolt – the Jamaican at 19.95 and the American at 19.87. Despite such slow times prior to Beijing, Bolt delivered in the final with his fifth fastest run ever for the 200 m at 19.55 seconds. Gatlin failed to reach his early season form and finished almost two-tenths of a second behind Bolt. Bolt's four consecutive wins over 200 m at the World Championships was unprecedented and established him clearly as the best ever sprinter at the competition.[227] There was also a fourth straight win in the 4 × 100 metres relay with the Jamaica team (Nesta Carter, Asafa Powell, Nickel Ashmeade, Usain Bolt). The Americans initially had a lead, but a poor baton exchange saw them disqualified and Jamaica defend their title in 37.36 seconds – well clear of the Chinese team who took a surprise silver for the host nation.[228] Conscious of his injuries at the start of the season, he did not compete after the World Championships, skipping the 2015 IAAF Diamond League final.[229] 2016 Rio Olympics Andre De Grasse and Bolt after running the 100 m final at the 2016 Olympics Bolt competed sparingly in the 200 m before the Olympics, with a run of 19.89 seconds to win at the London Grand Prix being his sole run of note over that distance. He had four races over 100 m, though only one was in Europe, and his best of 9.88 seconds in Kingston placed him fourth on the world seasonal rankings. As in the previous season, Gatlin appeared to be in better form, having seasonal bests of 9.80 and 19.75 seconds to rank first and second in the sprints.[230][231] Doping in athletics was a prime topic before the 2016 Rio Olympics, given the banning of the Russian track and field team for state doping, and Bolt commented that he had no problem with doping controls: "I have no issue with being drug-tested...I remember in Beijing every other day they were drug-testing us". He also highlighted his dislike of rival Tyson Gay's reduced ban for cooperation, given their close rivalry since the start of Bolt's career, saying "it really bothered me – really, really bothered me".[232] I want to be among greats Muhammad Ali and Pelé. — Usain Bolt on his sporting legacy prior to his final Olympics, 9 August 2016.[233] At the 2016 Rio Olympics, Bolt won the 100 metres gold medal with a time of 9.81 seconds.[234] With this win, Bolt became the first athlete to win the event three times at the Olympic Games.[234] Bolt followed up his 100 m win with a gold medal in the 200 m, which also makes him the first athlete to win the 200 m three times at the Olympic Games.[235] Bolt ran the anchor leg for the finals of the 4 × 100 m relay and secured his third consecutive and last Olympic gold medal in the event.[236] With that win, Bolt obtained the "triple-triple", three sprinting gold medals in three consecutive Olympics, and finished his Olympic career with a 100% win record in finals.[236] However, in January 2017, Bolt was stripped of the 4 × 100 relay gold from the Beijing Games in 2008 because his teammate Nesta Carter was found guilty of a doping violation.[237] 2017 season Bolt after injuring his hamstring in the 4x100 m relay final of the 2017 World Athletics Championships Bolt took a financial stake in a new Australia-based track and field meeting series – Nitro Athletics. He performed at the inaugural meet in February 2017 and led his team (Bolt All-Stars) to victory. The competition featured variations on traditional track and field events. He committed himself to three further editions.[238][239] In 2017, the Jamaican team was stripped of the 2008 Olympics 4×100 metre title due to Nesta Carter's disqualification for doping offences. Bolt, who never failed a dope test, was quoted by the BBC saying that the prospect of having to return the gold was "heartbreaking".[240] The banned substance in Carter's test was identified as methylhexanamine, a nasal decongestant sometimes used in dietary supplements. At the 2017 World Athletics Championships, Bolt won his heat uncomfortably after a slow start in 10.07, in his semi-final he improved to 9.98 but was beaten by Christian Coleman by 0.01. That race broke Bolt's 4 year winning streak in the 100 m. In his final individual race, in the final, Bolt won the bronze medal in 9.95, 0.01 behind silver medalist Coleman and 0.03 behind World Champion Justin Gatlin. It was the first time Bolt had been beaten at a major championship since the 4×100 m relay of the 2007 World Athletics Championships. Also at the 2017 World Athletics Championships, Bolt participated as the anchor runner for Jamaica's 4×100-metre relay team in both the heats and the final. Jamaica won their heat comfortably in 37.95 seconds. In what was intended to be his final race, Bolt pulled up in agony with 50 metres to go and collapsed to the track after what was later confirmed to be another hamstring injury. He refused a wheelchair and crossed the finish line one last time with the assistance of his teammates Omar McLeod, Julian Forte, and Yohan Blake.[241] Following his 2017 season, Bolt had a statue of him unveiled in his honour at the National Stadium in Kingston on 3 December 2017.[242] The statue shows him in his signature "lightning bolt" pose.[242] Personal life Bolt with the IAAF men's Athlete of the Year award in Monaco Bolt expresses a love for dancing and his character is frequently described as laid-back and relaxed.[25][243] His Jamaican track and field idols include Herb McKenley and former Jamaican 100 m and 200 m world record holder Don Quarrie. Michael Johnson, the former 200 m world and Olympic record holder, is also held in high esteem by Bolt.[25] Bolt has the nickname "Lightning Bolt" due to his name and speed.[1] He is Catholic and known for making the sign of the cross before racing competitively, and he wears a Miraculous Medal during his races. His middle name is St. Leo.[244] In 2010, Bolt also revealed his fondness of music, when he played a reggae DJ set to a crowd in Paris.[245] He is also an avid fan of the Call of Duty video game series, saying, "I stay up late [playing the game online], I can't help it."[246] Waxwork of Bolt in his "lightning bolt" pose at Madame Tussauds, London In his autobiography, Bolt wrote that he suffered from scoliosis, a curvature of the spine which made his right leg 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) shorter than his left.[247] This condition causes an uneven stride, with his left leg remaining on the ground for longer than his right, and hitting the ground with a lesser force. Biomechanics researchers have studied, with no firm conclusions, whether this asymmetry has helped or hurt Bolt in his sprinting career.[247] He popularised the "lightning bolt" pose, also known as "to di world" or "bolting", which he used both before races and in celebration. The pose consists of extending a slightly raised left arm to the side and the right arm folded across the chest, with both hands have the thumb and index finger outstretched. His performance of the pose during his Olympic and World Championship victories led to widespread copying of the move, from American President Barack Obama to small children. It has been suggested that the pose comes from Jamaican dancehall moves of the period,[248][249] though Olympic sprint champion Bernard Williams also had performed similar celebration moves earlier that decade.[250] His habit of fist bumping the volunteers for good luck has been noted in the media.[251][252][253] In 2021, Bolt told the BBC that his love for video games, such as Mario Kart and Mortal Kombat, helped him during his Olympic career.[254] Financial crisis Usain Bolt had fallen victim to a fraud scheme, resulting in the disappearance of more than $12 million from his retirement savings account, according to a letter from his attorneys obtained by the Associated Press. The account, held with Kingston-based investment firm Stocks and Securities Ltd., showed a balance of only $12,000, down from its previous $12.8 million. Bolt's legal team had stated that if the allegations were true, a serious act of fraud or larceny had been committed against their client.[255] Family On 17 May 2020, Bolt's longtime girlfriend Kasi Bennett gave birth to their first child, daughter Olympia Lightning.[256][257][258][259] Bolt and Bennett welcomed twin boys Thunder and Saint Leo in June 2021.[260][261][262] Other sports Cricket was the first sport to interest Bolt, and he said if he were not a sprinter, he would be a fast bowler instead.[25] As a child, he admired the bowling of Waqar Younis.[263] He is also a fan of Indian batsman Sachin Tendulkar, West Indian opener Chris Gayle,[264] and Australian opener Matthew Hayden.[265] During a charity cricket match, Bolt clean-bowled Gayle, who was complimentary of Bolt's pace and swing.[266] Bolt also struck a six off Gayle's bowling. Another bowler complimentary of Bolt's pace was former West Indies fast-bowling great Curtly Ambrose.[267] After talking with Australian cricketer Shane Warne, Bolt suggested that if he were able to get time off he would be interested in playing in the cricket Big Bash League. Melbourne Stars chief executive Clint Cooper said there were free spots on his team should he be available. Bolt stated that he enjoyed the Twenty20 version of the game, admiring the aggressive and constant nature of the batting. On his own ability, he said, "I don't know how good I am. I will probably have to get a lot of practice in."[268][269] Bolt is also a fan of Premier League football team Manchester United.[270] He has declared he is a fan of Dutch striker Ruud van Nistelrooy.[271] Bolt was a special guest of Manchester United at the 2011 UEFA Champions League Final in London, where he stated that he would like to play for them after his retirement.[272] In 2013, Bolt played basketball in the NBA All-Star Weekend Celebrity Game. He scored two points from a slam dunk but acknowledged his other basketball skills were lacking.[273] In an interview with Decca Aitkenhead of The Guardian in November 2016, Bolt said he wished to play as a professional footballer after retiring from track and field. He reiterated his desire to play for Manchester United if given a chance and added, "For me, if I could get to play for Manchester United, that would be like a dream come true. Yes, that would be epic."[274] In 2018, after training with Norwegian side Strømsgodset,[275] Bolt played for the club as a forward in a friendly match against the Norway national under-19 team. He wore the number "9.58" in allusion to his 100 m world record.[276] Bolt wore the same number whilst captaining the World XI during Soccer Aid 2018 at Old Trafford.[277] On 21 August 2018, on his 32nd birthday, Bolt started training with Australian club Central Coast Mariners of the A-League.[278] He made his friendly debut for the club as a substitute on 31 August 2018 against a Central Coast Select team, made up of players playing in the local area.[279] On 12 October, he started in a friendly against amateur club Macarthur South West United and scored two goals, both in the second half, with his goal celebration featuring his signature "To Di World" pose.[280][281] Bolt was offered a two-year contract from Maltese club Valletta, which he turned down on 18 October 2018.[282] On 21 October 2018, Bolt was offered a contract by the Mariners.[283] The Australian FA was helping the Mariners to fund it.[284] Later that month, Perth Glory forward Andy Keogh was critical of Bolt's ability, stating his first touch is "like a trampoline." He added Bolt has "shown a bit of potential but it's a little bit of a kick in the teeth to the professionals that are in the league."[285] Bolt left the Mariners in early November 2018 after 8 weeks with the club.[286] In January 2019, Bolt decided not to pursue a career in football, saying his "sports life is over."[287] Bolt, a Green Bay Packers fan, stated in July 2021 he could have considered a career as a wide receiver in the National Football League had the rules on violent tackles related to concussions been as tightly regulated 'back in the day' as they were by that stage. If he had switched to gridiron football, his concern was that he would have been a high-priced target for very heavy hits which made him back out of his desire to try the sport. He also felt certain that even at 34 and being retired he would comfortably be the fastest player in the league.[288] Documentary film A documentary film based on the athletic life of Bolt to win three Olympic gold medals, titled I Am Bolt, was released on 28 November 2016 in United Kingdom. The film was directed by Benjamin Turner and Gabe Turner.[289][290] Infection with COVID-19 On 24 August 2020, Bolt tested positive for COVID-19 and subsequently went into self-isolation in his home.[291] He said that he was asymptomatic.[292] Bolt had himself tested on 22 August, the day after celebrating his 34th birthday with a party where guests did not wear face masks. Coincidentally, the guests at the party danced in an open field to Jamaican reggae singer Koffee's song "Lockdown".[293] Sponsorships and advertising work Bolt wearing Puma shoes as part of a sponsorship deal After winning the 200 m title in the 2002 World Junior Championships in Kingston, Bolt signed a sponsorship deal with Puma.[294] To promote Bolt's chase for Olympic glory in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, Puma released a series of videos including Bolt's then-world-record-setting run in Icahn Stadium and his Olympic preparations.[295] After his record-breaking run in New York City, which was preceded by a lightning storm,[296] the press frequently made puns on the Jamaican's name, nicknaming him "Lightning Bolt" and the "Bolt from the blue".[297][298][299] During the 2008 Beijing 100 m final, Bolt wore golden Puma Complete Theseus spikes that had "Beijing 100 m Gold" emblazoned across them.[300] Writing of Bolt's performance at the Olympics, The Associated Press said: Almost single-handedly, Bolt has helped track transform itself from a dying sport to one with a singular, smiling, worldwide star. — The Associated Press, 10 August 2012[188] In September 2010, Bolt travelled to Australia where his sponsor Gatorade was holding an event called the "Gatorade Bolt" to find Australia's fastest footballer. The event was held at the Sydney International Athletic Centre and featured football players from rugby league, rugby union, Australian rules football, and association football. Prior to the race Bolt gave the runners some private coaching and also participated in the 10th anniversary celebrations for the 2000 Summer Olympic Games.[301] In January 2012, Bolt impersonated Richard Branson in an advertising campaign for Virgin Media.[302] The campaign was directed by Seth Gordon and features the Virgin founder Branson to promote its broadband service. In March 2012, Bolt starred in an advert for Visa and the 2012 Summer Olympics.[303] In July 2012, Bolt and RockLive launched Bolt!, an Apple iOS game based on his exploits. Bolt! quickly became the No. 1 app in Jamaica and climbed the UK iTunes charts to reach No. 2 on the list of Top Free Apps.[304] In 2012, Bolt collaborated with headphone maker Soul Electronics to design his own line of headphones. Bolt designed both an in-ear bud and over-ear model with the Jamaican color scheme and his signature "To Di World" pose.[305] Bolt's autobiography, My Story: 9.58: Being the World's Fastest Man, was released in 2010. Bolt had previously said that the book "...should be exciting, it's my life, and I'm a cool and exciting guy."[270] His athletics agent is PACE Sports Management.[306] As part of his sponsorship deal with Puma, the manufacturer sends sporting equipment to his alma mater, William Knibb Memorial High School, every year. At Bolt's insistence, advertisements featuring him are filmed in Jamaica, by a Jamaican production crew, in an attempt to boost local enterprise and gain exposure for the country.[307] In 2017, Bolt had the third highest earning social media income for sponsors among sportspeople (behind Cristiano Ronaldo and Neymar), and he was the only non-footballer in the top seven.[308] Bolt is the highest paid athlete in the history of the sport.[309][310] In 2016, Bolt earned about $33 million in one year putting him at No. 32 on Forbes list of The World's Highest-paid Athletes making him the only track and field athlete on the list.[309] Entrepreneurship See also: Micromobility Usain Bolt co-founded electric scooter company Bolt Mobility in 2018, created in his namesake.[311] Bolt founded the micromobility company, which provides electric scooters and other yet-to-be released mobility devices, such as the company's upcoming Bolt Nano. Bolt appeared in Bolt Mobility's debut commercial, released through YouTube and his official Facebook account.[312] Bolt appeared in a number of interviews for the company, alongside CEO Sarah Pishevar Haynes. Bolt made his first public appearance for the company in March 2019, during the company's New York City launch and in CNBC interviews on the NYSE.[313] In May 2019, the company expanded its services to Europe, introducing the product first in Paris.[314] In May 2019, Bolt spoke in Paris at the Viva Technology conference, where he introduced the company's future release of the Nano minicar.[315] He also met with French president Emmanuel Macron while at the conference. While in France, Bolt participated in a CNN interview where he revealed his reasons for founding the company.[316] "I've been to New York, London, Paris and one thing I've noticed is that we all complain about traffic!" Usain Bolt, CNN Interview on his e-scooter company Bolt argues that his scooter is different, which allows bag, shopping and mobile phone storage. The scooters have capabilities to reach up to 30 mph, but are typically capped at 15 mph depending on city regulation. The company has begun operations in a number of U.S. cities, and plans to expand throughout Europe and Asia.[317] In early July 2022, Bolt Mobility abruptly ceased operations, leaving bike-sharing programs up in the air, including Burlington, Vermont;[318] Portland, Oregon; Richmond, California; and Richmond, Virginia.[319][320] Music producer In July 2019, Bolt made his debut as a dancehall music producer with the release of the Olympe Rosé riddim that featured 5 tracks from Jamaican dancehall artistes: Dexta Daps "Big Moves", Munga Honorable "Weekend", Christopher Martin "Dweet", Ding Dong "Top A Di Top" and football player turned artist Ricardo "Bibi" Gardner "Mount A Gyal".[321] In November 2019, he followed up with another compilation called Immortal Riddim that included tracks from Vybz Kartel, Masicka, Munga Honorable and Christopher Martin.[322][323] In early January 2021, Bolt released a single titled "Living the Dream" with his childhood friend and manager Nugent 'NJ' Walker.[324] Recognition Sally Pearson and Bolt with their IAAF Athlete of the Year awards in Monaco IAAF World Athlete of the Year: 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2016[325] Track & Field Athlete of the Year: 2008, 2009 Laureus World Sportsman of the Year: 2009, 2010, 2013, 2017[326][327][328] BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year: 2008, 2009, 2012 L'Équipe Champion of Champions: 2008, 2009, 2012, 2015 Jamaica Sportsman of the year: 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 AIPS Male Athlete of the Year: 2015[329] Marca Leyenda (2009) In October 2008, he was made a Commander of the Order of Distinction,[330] which entitles him to use the post nominal letters CD.[331] In 2009, at age 23, Usain Bolt became the youngest member so far[332] of the Order of Jamaica.[333][334] The award was "for outstanding performance in the field of athletics at the international level".[332] In the Jamaican honours system, this is considered the equivalent of a knighthood in the British honours system,[335] and entitles him to be formally styled "The Honourable", and to use the post nominal letters OJ.[331] Statistics Personal bests Event Time (seconds) Venue Date Records Notes 100 metres 9.58 Berlin, Germany 16 August 2009 WR Also has the second fastest time (9.63) and shares the third fastest time of 9.69 with Tyson Gay and Yohan Blake. Bolt's 9.63 is the Olympic record, set at the 2012 games. 150 metres 14.35 Manchester, England 17 May 2009 WB[note 2] He ran the last 100 m in 8.70, the fastest ever recorded time over a 100 m distance. This would equal an average speed of 41.38 km/h (25.71 mph). 200 metres 19.19 Berlin, Germany 20 August 2009 WR Also holds the Olympic record with 19.30, which was then (2008) a world record. 300 metres 30.97 Ostrava, Czech Republic 27 May 2010 NR This is the third fastest time, behind Wayde van Niekerk 30.81 & Michael Johnson 30.85. The event is not recognised by the IAAF. 400 metres 45.28 Kingston, Jamaica 5 May 2007 [1] 4 × 100 metres relay 36.84 London, England 11 August 2012 WR Shared with Yohan Blake, Michael Frater and Nesta Carter. Records Bolt's personal best of 9.58 seconds in 2009 in the 100 metres is the fastest ever run.[336] Bolt also holds the second fastest time of 9.63 seconds,[88] the current Olympic record,[90] and set two previous world records in the event. Bolt's personal best of 19.19 s in the 200 metres is the world record. This was recorded at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin against a headwind of −0.3 m/s (−1.1 km/h; −0.67 mph). This performance broke his previous world record in the event, his 19.30 s clocking in winning the 2008 Olympic 200 metres title. Bolt has been on three world-record-setting Jamaican relay teams. The first record, 37.10 seconds, was set in winning gold at the 2008 Summer Olympics, although the result was voided in 2017 when the team was disqualified. The second record came at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics, a time of 37.04 seconds. The third world record was set at the 2012 Summer Olympics, a time of 36.84 seconds.[337] Bolt also holds the 200 metres world teenage best results for the age categories 15 (20.58 s), 16 (20.13 s, former world youth record),[338][339] 17 (19.93 s) and 18 (19.93 s, world junior record).[88] He also holds the 150 metres world best set in 2009, during which he ran the last 100 metres in 8.70 seconds, the quickest timed 100 metres ever.[88] Bolt completed a total of 53 wind-legal sub-10-second performances in the 100 m during his career, with his first coming on 3 May 2008 and his last on 5 August 2017 at the World Championships. His longest undefeated streak in the 200 m was in 17 finals, lasting from 12 June 2008 to 3 September 2011. He also had a win-streak covering 14 100 m finals from 16 August 2008 to 16 July 2010.[340] Guinness World Records Bolt claimed 19 Guinness World Records, and, after Michael Phelps, holds the second-highest number of accumulative Guinness World Records for total number of accomplishments and victories in sports.[341] Fastest run 150 metres (male) Most medals won at the IAAF Athletics World Championships (male) Most gold medals won at the IAAF Athletics World Championships (male) Most Athletics World Championships Men's 200 m wins Most consecutive Olympic gold medals won in the 100 metres (male) Most consecutive Olympic gold medals won in the 200 metres (male) Most Olympic men's 200 metres Gold medals Fastest run 200 metres (male) Most Men's IAAF World Athlete of Year Trophies First Olympic track sprint triple-double Highest annual earnings for a track athlete Most wins of the 100 m sprint at the Olympic Games First athlete to win the 100 m and 200 m sprints at successive Olympic Games Fastest run 100 metres (male) First man to win the 200 m sprint at successive Olympic Games Most Athletics World Championships Men's 100 m wins Most tickets sold at an IAAF World Championships Most competitive 100 m sprint races completed in sub 10 seconds Fastest relay 4×100 metres (male) Average and top speeds From his record time of 9.58 s for the 100 m sprint, Usain Bolt's average ground speed equates to 37.58 km/h (23.35 mph). However, once his reaction time of 0.148 s is subtracted, his time is 9.44 s, making his average speed 38.18 km/h (23.72 mph).[143] Bolt's top speed, based on his split time of 1.61 s for the 20 metres from the 60- to 80-metre marks (made during the 9.58 WR at 100m), is 12.42 m/s (44.72 km/h (27.79 mph)).[342] Season's bests Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. World rank in parentheses Year 100 metres 200 metres 400 metres 2001 — 21.73 48.28 2002 — 20.58 47.12 2003 — 20.13 (9) 45.35 2004 — 19.93 (2) 47.58 2005 — 19.99 (3) — 2006 — 19.88 (4) 47.58 2007 10.03 (12) 19.75 (3) 45.28 2008 9.69 (1) 19.30 (1) 46.94 2009 9.58 (1) 19.19 (1) 45.54 2010 9.82 (4) 19.56 (1) 45.87 2011 9.76 (1) 19.40 (2) — 2012 9.63 (1) 19.32 (1) — 2013 9.77 (1) 19.66 (1) 46.44 2014 9.98 (16) — — 2015 9.79 (2) 19.55 (1) 46.38 2016 9.81 (2) 19.78 (3) — 2017 9.95 (10) — — World rankings Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. International competitions Bolt poses with his 200 m gold medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics Representing Jamaica Year Competition Venue Position Event Time Notes 2001 CARIFTA Games Bridgetown, Barbados 2nd 200 m 21.81 2nd 400 m 48.28 World Youth Championships Debrecen, Hungary 17th (semis) 200 m 21.73 4th Medley relay 1:52.36 2002 CAC Junior Championships (U17) Bridgetown, Barbados 1st 200 m 20.61 CR 1st 400 m 47.12 CR 1st 4×100 m relay 40.95 CR 1st 4×400 m relay 3:16.61 CR CARIFTA Games Nassau, Bahamas 1st 200 m 21.12 CR 1st 400 m 47.33 CR 1st 4×400 m relay 3:18.88 CR World Junior Championships Kingston, Jamaica 1st 200 m 20.61 2nd 4×100 m relay 39.15 NJR 2nd 4×400 m relay 3:04.06 NJR 2003 CARIFTA Games Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago 1st 200 m 20.43 CR 1st 400 m 46.35 CR 1st 4×100 m relay 39.43 CR 1st 4×400 m relay 3:09.70 World Youth Championships Sherbrooke, Canada 1st 200 m 20.40 DNS (semis) 400 m — DQ (semis) Medley relay — Pan American Junior Championships Bridgetown, Barbados 1st 200 m 20.13 WYB 2nd 4×100 m relay 39.40 2004 CARIFTA Games Hamilton, Bermuda 1st 200 m 19.93 WJR 1st 4×100 m relay 39.48 1st 4×400 m relay 3:12.00 Olympic Games Athens, Greece 40th (heats) 200 m 21.05 2005 CAC Championships Nassau, Bahamas 1st 200 m 20.03 World Championships Helsinki, Finland 8th 200 m 26.27 2006 World Athletics Final Stuttgart, Germany 3rd 200 m 20.10 IAAF World Cup Athens, Greece 2nd 200 m 19.96 2007 World Championships Osaka, Japan 2nd 200 m 19.91 2nd 4×100 m relay 37.89 2008 Olympic Games Beijing, China 1st 100 m 9.69 WR OR 1st 200 m 19.30 WR OR DQ 4×100 m relay — Teammate doping[343] 2009 World Championships Berlin, Germany 1st 100 m 9.58 WR CR 1st 200 m 19.19 WR CR 1st 4×100 m relay 37.31 CR World Athletics Final Thessaloniki, Greece 1st 200 m 19.68 CR= 2011 World Championships Daegu, South Korea DQ 100 m — False start 1st 200 m 19.40 WL 1st 4×100 m relay 37.04 WR CR 2012 Olympic Games London, United Kingdom 1st 100 m 9.63 OR 1st 200 m 19.32 WL 1st 4×100 m relay 36.84 WR 2013 World Championships Moscow, Russia 1st 100 m 9.77 WL 1st 200 m 19.66 WL 1st 4×100 m relay 37.36 2014 Commonwealth Games Glasgow, United Kingdom 1st 4×100 m relay 37.58 GR 2015 World Relays Nassau, Bahamas 2nd 4×100 m relay 37.68 World Championships Beijing, China 1st 100 m 9.79 1st 200 m 19.55 WL 1st 4×100 m relay 37.36 WL 2016 Olympic Games Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 1st 100 m 9.81 1st 200 m 19.78 1st 4×100 m relay 37.27 2017 World Championships London, United Kingdom 3rd 100 m 9.95 DNF 4×100 m relay — Injury National titles Jamaican Athletics Championships 100 m: 2008, 2009, 2013 200 m: 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 Circuit wins 100 m Diamond League / Golden League[DL 1] Overall winner: 2012 Zürich Weltklasse: 2008, 2009, 2013 Brussels Memorial Van Damme: 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013 Paris Meeting Areva: 2009, 2010 Lausanne Athletissima: 2010 Rome Golden Gala: 2011, 2012 Monaco Herculis: 2011, 2017 London Anniversary Games: 2013, 2015 Other World Tour / World Challenge meets Rethymno Vardinoyiannia: 2007 Kingston Jamaica International: 2008, 2012 New York Reebok Grand Prix[DL 2]: 2008 Ostrava Golden Spike: 2009, 2011, 2012, 2016, 2017 London Grand Prix[DL 3]: 2009 Daegu Colorful Pre-Championships Meeting: 2010 Zagreb Hanžeković Memorial: 2011 Hampton International Games: 2008 Warsaw Kamila Skolimowska Memorial: 2014 Kingston Racers Grand Prix: 2016, 2017 200 m Diamond League / Golden League[DL 1] Brussels Memorial Van Damme: 2009 Shanghai: 2010 Oslo Bislett Games: 2011, 2012, 2013 Paris Meeting Areva: 2011, 2013 Stockholm DN-galan: 2011 Lausanne Athletissima: 2012 Zürich Weltklasse: 2012 New York Adidas Grand Prix: 2015 London Anniversary Games: 2016 Other World Tour / World Challenge meets Kingston Jamaica International: 2005, 2006, 2010 New York Reebok Grand Prix[DL 2]: 2005 Ostrava Golden Spike: 2006, 2008, 2015 Zagreb Hanžeković Memorial: 2006 London Grand Prix[DL 3]: 2007, 2008 Athens Grand Prix Tsiklitiria: 2008 Lausanne Athletissima[DL 4]: 2008, 2009 Hampton International Games: 2007 Kingston UTech Classic: 2015 The IAAF replaced the Golden League with the expanded Diamond League as the highest tier of meets in 2010.[344] In 2010 the Reebok Grand Prix was renamed to the Adidas Grand Prix and joined the Diamond League tier of meets.[345] in 2010 the London Grand Prix joined the Diamond League tier of meets, and in 2013 the meet was renamed to the Anniversary Games.[346][347] The Athletissima joined the Diamond League tier of meets in 2010.[346] Other distances Manchester GreatCity Games: 2010 (150 m)[348] Ostrava Golden Spike: 2010 (300 m) See also Athletics in Jamaica Jamaica at the Olympics List of multiple Olympic gold medalists List of multiple Olympic gold medalists at a single Games Men's 100 metres world record progression Men's 200 metres world record progression Sport in Berlin Notes Not a competition event. This is not an official world record as the IAAF, the international athletics governing body, does not recognise the distance. References Lawrence, Hubert; Samuels, Garfield (20 August 2007). "Focus on Jamaica – Usain Bolt". Focus on Athletes. International Association of Athletics Federations. Archived from the original on 4 June 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2008. Thomas, Claire (26 July 2016). "Built for speed: what makes Usain Bolt so fast?". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016. "Usain BOLT". usainbolt.com. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015. Thomas, Claire (25 July 2016). "Glen Mills: the man behind Usain Bolt's record-shattering career". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2019. Wile, Rob (11 August 2017). "Usain Bolt Is Retiring. Here's How He Made Over $100 Million in 10 Years". Money. Archived from the original on 29 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019. Clark, Nate (2 February 2019). "Usain Bolt having fun at Super Bowl, 'ties' NFL Combine 40-yard dash record". NBC. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2019. Clarey, Christopher (16 August 2009). "Bolt Shatters 100-Meter World Record " Archived 29 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. The New York Times. Retrieved 16 August 2009. "Bolt runs 14.35 sec for 150m; covers 50m-150m in 8.70 sec!". International Association of Athletics Federations. 17 May 2009. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. Hart, Simon (20 August 2009). World Athletics: Usain Bolt breaks 200 metres world record in 19.19 seconds Archived 21 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 21 August 2009. "Usain Bolt IAAF profile". IAAF. Archived from the original on 18 August 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2008. "Usain Bolt to run an 800m". Canadian Running Magazine. 8 July 2021. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2021. Ellington, Barbara (31 August 2008). He is a happy person, says Usain's mother. Jamaica Gleaner. Retrieved 5 August 2009. "Usain BOLT - Olympic Athletics | Jamaica". International Olympic Committee. 27 November 2020. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2021. "Bolt by Numbers". World Athletics. 5 July 2017. Archived from the original on 17 November 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2021. "Usain Bolt". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2021. "Usain Bolt". Time. 2016. Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021. Ferdinand, Rio (1 February 2009). "Local heroes: Usain Bolt Archived 28 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine". The Observer. Retrieved 3 February 2009. Ellington, Barbara. "He is a happy person, says Usain's mother". Jamaican Gleaner. Retrieved 25 December 2023. Foster, Anthony (24 November 2008). "Bolt tops them again Archived 12 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine". Jamaica Gleaner. Retrieved 3 February 2009. Helps, Horace (16 August 2008). "Bolt's gold down to yam power, father says". Reuters. Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2011. Layden, Tim (16 August 2008). "The Phenom". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2008. Sinclair, Glenroy (15 August 2008). "Bolts bonded". Jamaica Gleaner. Archived from the original on 24 August 2008. Retrieved 28 August 2008. Longmore, Andrew (24 August 2008). "Brilliant Usain Bolt is on fast track to history". The Times. UK. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2008. Frater, Adrian (5 August 2008). "Bolt's Sherwood on 'gold alert'". Jamaica Gleaner. Archived from the original on 14 August 2008. Retrieved 28 August 2008. Williams, Ollie (5 August 2008). "Ten to watch: Usain Bolt". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2008. Luton, Daraine (18 August 2008). "Pablo McNeil – the man who put the charge in Bolt". Jamaica Gleaner. Archived from the original on 26 August 2008. Retrieved 26 August 2008. Foster, Anthony (17 March 2009). "Jarrett looking to produce some winners at Bolt's school". Jamaica Star. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2012. Lemos, Felipe (18 August 2016). "Olympic Champion Usain Bolt Was Raised in Adventist Home". Adventist Review. Archived from the original on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018. "Carifta Games (Under 17 boys)". GBR Athletics. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2008. "Official Results – 200 metres – Men – semi-final". IAAF. 14 July 2001. Archived from the original on 16 September 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2008. "Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships". GBR Athletics. Archived from the original on 19 September 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2008. "Official Results – 200 metres – Men – Final". IAAF. 19 July 2002. Archived from the original on 23 August 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2008. "Official Results – 200 metres – Men – Heats". IAAF. 18 July 2002. Archived from the original on 27 July 2013. Retrieved 8 August 2010. Longmore, Andrew (16 August 2008). "9.69 – and Usain Bolt didn't even try". The Times. UK. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2008. "Bolt's Best Moment - Junior World Championships 2002 | I AM BOLT". 24 September 2019. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2019 – via YouTube. Hattenstone, Simon (28 August 2010). Usain Bolt: Fast and loose Archived 24 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine. The Guardian. Retrieved 28 August 2010. "Official Results – 4x100 metres – Men – Final". IAAF. 22 July 2002. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009. Retrieved 17 August 2008. "4x400 metres – Men – Final". IAAF. 22 July 2002. Archived from the original on 31 March 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2008. "Part 2" (PDF). Carifta Games 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2011. "Part 3" (PDF). Carifta Games 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2011. "Bolt named outstanding athlete of 32nd Carifta Games". International Association of Athletics Federations. 23 April 2003. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. "200 metres final results". IAAF. 23 July 2003. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. Turnbull, Simon (17 August 2003). "Athletics: The boy they call Lightning is frightening". The Independent on Sunday. London. Archived from the original on 21 August 2009. Retrieved 25 August 2008. Powell, David (18 August 2008). "A closer look beyond Bolt and his 9.69". IAAF. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. "U18 200 metres Outdoor". Iaaf.org. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2017. Updated as at:15/01/2012 400 Metres Youth All Time. IAAF "American Junior Outdoor Track & Field Records". USA Track and Field. 1 August 2008. Archived from the original on 22 September 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2008. Kessel, Anna (24 August 2008). "Olympics: Jamaican speed freak". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2008. "Jamaica's Bolt on fast track to Olympics". Caribbean Net News. 21 April 2004. Archived from the original on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 26 August 2008. Bolt leaves door open to 2017 sprint double at worlds Archived 19 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 14 September 2016. "Bolt dashes to 19.93 – World Junior 200m record!". IAAF. 12 April 2004. Archived from the original on 28 October 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2012. "Jamaica names Bolt, Fenton to Olympic athletics team". Caribbean Net News. 4 July 2004. Archived from the original on 26 May 2008. Retrieved 26 August 2008. Rowbottom, Mike (4 August 2008). "Bolt from the blue". The Independent. UK. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2012. Channer, Colin (9 August 2008). "'Cool Runnings' Are Heating Up". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 12 January 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2008. Fordyce, Tom (10 December 2005). "I was in gutter, admits Chambers". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 24 January 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2008. Smith, Gary (12 July 2005). "No stopping Bolt as he blazes 20.03 at the CAC Championships". Caribbean Net News. Archived from the original on 22 August 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2008. "Expect lightning from Bolt and a double from Campbell". Caribbean Net News. 29 June 2005. Archived from the original on 25 August 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2008. "200 metres final". IAAF. 11 August 2005. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2008. Smith, Gary (18 May 2006). "Bolt preparing to complete a full season, says manager". Caribbean Net News. Archived from the original on 25 May 2008. Retrieved 28 August 2008. Butler, Mark et al. (2013). IAAF Statistics Book Moscow 2013 (archived), pp. 35–7. IAAF. Retrieved 6 July 2015. Smith, Gary (24 November 2005). "A cautious Bolt back on the track". Caribbean Net News. Archived from the original on 22 August 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2008. Smith, Gary (21 November 2005). "Jamaica's Bolt recovers from motor vehicle accident". Caribbean Net News. Archived from the original on 22 August 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2008. Cherry, Gene (23 July 2008). "Even Bolt's coach convinced of 100m pedigree". Caribbean News Net. Archived from the original on 22 August 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2008. Smith, Gary (3 May 2006). "Bolt runs world leading 200m at Martinique Permit Meet". Caribbean Net News. Archived from the original on 26 May 2008. Retrieved 26 August 2008. Smith, Gary (2 June 2006). "No sub-20, but Bolt optimistic about clash with Spearmon at Reebok Grand Prix". Caribbean Net News. Archived from the original on 26 May 2008. Retrieved 26 August 2008. "Liu eclipses Jackson with 110m hurdles record". The Guardian. UK. 12 June 2006. Archived from the original on 30 August 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2008. "World Cup in Athletics 2006 – Results 200 Metres Mens Final". IAAF. 17 September 2006. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. "23rd Vardinoyiannia 2007 – 100Metres Mens Results". IAAF. 18 July 2007. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. "Osaka 2007 – 200 metres mens final". IAAF. 30 August 2007. Archived from the original on 16 September 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2008. "Osaka 2007 – 4 × 100 Metres Relay – Mens Final". IAAF. 1 September 2007. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2008. Tucker, Elton (5 May 2008). "'I didn't know I was going that fast' – Admits Bolt after rocketing to No. 2 on all-time 100m list with 9.76". Jamaica Gleaner. Archived from the original on 28 September 2008. Retrieved 6 September 2008. Aikman, Richard (4 May 2008). "Lightning Bolt clocks second fastest ever 100m". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 30 September 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2008. Foster, Anthony (4 May 2008). "Bolt stuns with 9.76 dash in Kingston – Jamaica International report". IAAF. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. Smith, Gary (7 May 2008). "American legend Johnson admits to being 'shocked' by Bolt run". Caribbean Net News. Archived from the original on 25 August 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2008. Morse, Parker (1 June 2008). "Bolt 9.72 in New York! – World 100 metres record – IAAF World Athletics Tour". IAAF. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. Broadbent, Rick (2 June 2008). "Athletics: Cheats and liars cast cloud over Bolt's new 100m record". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2013. "Lightning Bolt to run first 200m of season". Agence France-Presse. 11 June 2008. Archived from the original on 26 February 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2013. Nikitaridis, Michalis (14 July 2008). "Bolt runs 200m in 19.67sec in Athens – IAAF World Athletics Tour". IAAF. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. Ramsak, Bob (12 June 2008). "Robles 12.87 World Record in Ostrava! – IAAF World Athletics Tour". IAAF. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. Flynn, LeVaughan (3 June 2008). "Usain Bolt and Glen Mills: Long, winding journey to a world record". Sports Jamaica. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2008. Turnbull, Simon (20 July 2008). "No Bolt from blue but he can be star of fast show". The Independent on Sunday. London. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2008. Cyphers, Luke (11 August 2008). "Bolt may be 100 favourite, but Gay in better position to win". ESPN. Archived from the original on 17 August 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2008. Gallagher, Brendan (6 August 2008). "Beijing Olympics: Usain Bolt set to run in both the 100 and 200 metres". The Daily Telegraph. UK. Archived from the original on 17 August 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2008. Broadbent, Rick (14 August 2008). "Michael Johnson backs Usain Bolt to win sprint duel". The Times. UK. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2008. "Beijing Olympics 2008 – Results 100 metres men's finals – Heats". IAAF. 15 August 2008. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. "Beijing Olympics 2008 – Results 100 metres men's finals – Quarter finals". IAAF. 16 August 2008. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. "Beijing Olympics 2008 – Results 100 metres men's finals – Semi-finals". IAAF. 16 August 2008. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. "12th IAAF World Championships in Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Berlin 2009" (PDF). Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2009. p. 410. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009. "Bolt surges to gold in new record". BBC Sport. 16 August 2008. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2008. "100 Metres All Time". IAAF. 9 August 2008. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2011. Zinser, Lynn (16 August 2008). "Bolt Is World's Fastest—by a Mile". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 July 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2008. Casert, Raf (17 August 2008). "Olympics: Bolt smashes 100m record". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 18 August 2008.[dead link] "Usain Bolt: 'Mission accomplished' in Beijing, next stop Zürich" (PDF). Weltklasse Zürich. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2008. Gullan, Scott (11 September 2008). "Scientists say Usain Bolt could have gone faster". Herald Sun. Archived from the original on 13 September 2008. Retrieved 10 September 2008. Eriksen, H. K.; Kristiansen, J. R.; Langangen, Ø.; Wehus, I. K. (2009). "How fast could Usain Bolt have run? A dynamical study". American Journal of Physics. 77 (3): 224–228. arXiv:0809.0209. Bibcode:2009AmJPh..77..224E. doi:10.1119/1.3033168. Simon, Simon (17 August 2008). "Bolt of lightning leaves the rest of mankind far behind". The Independent. UK. Archived from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2008. Akabusi, Kriss (19 August 2008). "Bolt's showboating is a slap for us idealists". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 19 August 2008. "IOC Rips Bolt for Lack of 'Respect'". Associated Press. 21 August 2008. Archived from the original on 24 August 2008. Retrieved 21 August 2008. Broadbent, Rick (21 August 2008). "Deluded Jacques Rogge fails to see the champion in Usain Bolt". The Times. UK. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2008. Landells, Steve (16 August 2008). ""It was crazy, phenomenal" – Bolt's 9.69 100 metres stuns the Bird's Nest". IAAF. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. "IAAF sides with Bolt on Rogge comments". The Washington Post. Associated Press. 23 August 2008. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2008. Philips, Mitch (18 August 2008). "Bolt's bid for double safely under way". Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2011. Johnson, Michael (20 August 2008). "Michael Johnson: I think my Olympic 200metres world record is safe from Usain Bolt – for now". The Daily Telegraph. UK. Archived from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2008. "Jamaican Bolt second in 200 metres heat". BBC Sport. 18 August 2008. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2008. "Super Bolt eases into 200 metres final". BBC Sport. 19 August 2008. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 19 August 2008. "Bolt claims 200m gold with record". BBC Sport. 20 August 2008. Archived from the original on 21 August 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2008. "NEWS FLASH – Bolt does the double with 19.30 seconds WORLD RECORD!". IAAF. 20 August 2008. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. "Bolt earns sprint double, breaks world record". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 20 August 2008. Archived from the original on 22 August 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2008. "Bolt cements greatness, sets world record in 200 with 19.30". Sports Illustrated. 20 August 2008. Archived from the original on 24 August 2008. Retrieved 21 August 2008. "Bolt grabs third gold and record". BBC Sport. 22 August 2008. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2008. "NEWS FLASH – World 4x100m record, 37.10s – BOLT and JAMAICA again!". IAAF. 22 August 2008. Archived from the original on 22 August 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2008. "Jamaica smashes WR in men's relay". ABC. 22 August 2008. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2008. "Usain Bolt stripped of 2008 Olympic relay gold after Nesta Carter fails drug test". The Guardian. 25 January 2017. Archived from the original on 25 January 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017. ""Lightning" Bolt donates for children in China's quake zone". China Daily. 23 August 2008. Archived from the original on 29 September 2009. Retrieved 25 August 2008. Steve, Nearman (25 August 2008). "Bolt not done yet". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on 30 December 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2008. "Bolt's heroics arrive just in time". Reuters. 25 August 2008. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. Fordyce, Tom (24 February 2004). "The THG scandal explained". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 15 March 2006. Retrieved 27 August 2008. "Johnson dismisses sabotage claims". BBC Sport. 31 July 2006. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2008. "Jones returns five medals from 2000 Sydney Olympics". ESPN. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2008. Maese, Rick (24 August 2008). "A cleaner Olympics? Despite drug test numbers, don't count on it". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 27 August 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2008. Conte, Victor (18 August 2008). "Conte: World Anti-Doping Agency needs to beef up offseason steroid testing". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on 26 August 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2008. Broadbent, Rick (18 August 2008). "Usain Bolt: a Jamaican miracle". The Times. UK. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2008. Flynn, LeVaughn (3 June 2008). "Usain Bolt and Glen Mills: Long, winding journey to a world record". Jamaica Gleaner. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2008. "Bolt ok with tests". Jamaica Gleaner. 27 August 2008. Archived from the original on 29 August 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2008. Bolt, Usain (2010). Usain Bolt 9.58. London: HarperCollins. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-00-737139-6. Turnbull, Simon (30 August 2008). "No fireworks, or lightning, but Bolt eases to another triumph". The Independent. UK. Archived from the original on 6 October 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2008. Sampaolo, Diego (2 September 2008). "Powell improves to 9.72, Bolt dashes 19.63 in Lausanne – IAAF World Athletics Tour". IAAF. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. Phillips, Michael (3 September 2008). "Powell threatens Bolt's 100m record". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 30 September 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2008. Turnbull, Simon (6 September 2008). "Bolt win rounds off a golden summer". The Independent. UK. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 6 September 2008. "Welcoming home our Olympians". Jamaica Gleaner. 5 October 2008. Archived from the original on 7 May 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2008. "Bolt wins Laureus World Sportsman Award for third time". Laureus. 19 August 2016. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. "Bolt and Isinbayeva are World Athletes of the Year – 2008 World Athletics Gala". IAAF. 23 November 2008. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. "Bolt sets sights on 400m record". BBC Sport. 15 December 2008. Archived from the original on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 16 December 2008. Bolt maintains improvement over longer sprint Archived 25 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Reuters (22 February 2009). Retrieved 16 May 2009. Clare, Nelson (15 March 2009), "Usain Bolt makes a winning start on his return to 100m action" Archived 21 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine, The Independent. Retrieved 16 May 2009. "Bolt Manchester date is still on". International Association of Athletics Federations. 12 May 2009. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. "Bolt 9.86 and Fraser 10.88; Walker and Phillips excel over hurdles – JAM Champs, Day 2". International Association of Athletics Federations. 28 June 2009. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. "Bolt completes double; 'Not 100%' Veronica Campbell-Brown runs 22.40 – JAM Champs, Day 3". International Association of Athletics Federations. 29 June 2009. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. Bolt rules out threat to record. BBC Sport (28 June 2009). Retrieved 29 June 2009. "Despite the rain, Bolt blasts 19.59sec in Lausanne – IAAF World Athletics Tour". International Association of Athletics Federations. 7 July 2009. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. "Bolt storms to stunning victory". BBC Sport. 7 July 2009. Archived from the original on 8 July 2009. Retrieved 7 July 2009. Ramsak, Bob (16 August 2009). Event Report – Men's 100m – Semi-Final Archived 19 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved 16 August 2009. "IAAF World Championships – Berlin 2009 – 100 Metres Men Final". Berlin.iaaf.org. 16 August 2009. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2012. Ramsak, Bob (16 August 2009). Event Report – Men's 100m – Final Archived 20 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved 16 August 2009. Farhi, Paul (21 August 2009). "Jamaican Sprinters Such as Usain Bolt Quickly Reshape Nation's Identity". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2009. New World Record for Usain Bolt – from Universal Sports on YouTube Mulkeen, Jon (20 August 2009). Event Report – Men's 200m – Final Archived 22 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved 21 August 2009. Wallace Spearmon Earns Bronze In 200 As Three Others Advance To World Champ Finals Archived 24 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. KBTX (20 August 2009). Retrieved 21 August 2009. "Awesome Bolt breaks 200m record". BBC Sport. 20 August 2009. Archived from the original on 21 August 2009. Retrieved 20 August 2009. 100 Metres – M Final Archived 27 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF (20 August 2009). Retrieved 21 August 2009. Kessel, Anna (20 August 2009). 'I aim to become a legend,' says Usain Bolt as he smashes 200m world record Archived 27 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine. The Guardian. Retrieved 21 August 2009. Men's 200m Final 2008 Olympics Archived 3 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine. NBC (20 August 2009). Retrieved 21 August 2009. Men's 100m Final 2008 Olympics Archived 3 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine. NBC (20 August 2009). Retrieved 21 August 2009. "Jamaica dominates the 400 meter relays". trackalerts.com. 22 August 2009. Archived from the original on 29 August 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2010. "Grateful Usain Bolt given 3-ton piece of Berlin Wall". ESPN. 23 August 2009. Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. "Bolt's Berlin Wall unveiled ... two-ton gift at Up Park Camp". The Gleaner. 11 February 2010. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. "Powell: Bolt could beat long jump WR". Reuters. 21 August 2009. "Bolt and Richards are World Athletes of the Year – 2009 World Athletics Gala". International Association of Athletics Federations. 22 November 2009. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. "Bolt sizzles 19.56 in 200m opener in Kingston". International Association of Athletics Federations. 2 May 2010. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. "Dominant Usain Bolt wins season opener in South Korea". BBC News. 19 May 2010. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2014. Broadbent, Rick (24 May 2010). Usain Bolt cool on records after sparkling Diamond League debut Archived 1 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine. The Times. Retrieved 8 August 2010. Hart, Simon (8 July 2010). Usain Bolt urged by doctors to stick with 100m until injury worries clear Archived 11 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 8 August 2010. Hart, Simon (27 May 2010). Usain Bolt falls just short of 300 m world record at Golden Spike meeting in Ostrava Archived 11 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 8 August 2010. Bolt beats Blake, Martina Archived 15 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine. ESPN (8 July 2010). Retrieved 8 August 2010. Bolt beats rival Powell in Paris Diamond League 100m. BBC Sport (16 July 2010). Retrieved 8 August 2010. Tyson Gay beats Usain Bolt over 100 m for first time. BBC Sport (6 August 2010). Retrieved 8 August 2010. "Stockholm packs in tight to see Gay finish well clear of Bolt, 9.84–9.97 – REPORT – Samsung Diamond League". International Association of Athletics Federations. 6 August 2010. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. senior outdoor 2011 100 Metres men Archived 1 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Rowbottom, Mike (4 January 2012). 2011 Samsung Diamond League REVIEW – Part 1 Archived 23 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. "Usain Bolt false starts, eliminated in final". ESPN. 28 August 2011. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. World Athletics 2011: Bolt disqualified as Blake wins gold Archived 10 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine. BBC Sport. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. "Bolt claims 200 m gold in Daegu with dominant run". CNN. 3 September 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2011. Johnson, Len (3 September 2011). Men's 200m – Final – Bolt blasts to 19.40 victory Archived 10 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Johnson, Len (4 September 2011). Men's 4x100m Relay – Final – 37.04 World record for Jamaica! Archived 10 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Rowbottom, Mike (16 September 2011). Blake upstages the world in Brussels – REPORT – Samsung Diamond League, FINAL Archived 10 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. senior outdoor 2011 200 Metres men Archived 10 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Bolt's 9.82 100m season's debut one of four world leading performances in Kingston – IAAF World Challenge Archived 10 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF (6 May 2012). Retrieved on 10 August 2016. "Usain Bolt pips Asafa Powell in Diamond League 100m". 8 June 2012. Archived from the original on 8 June 2012. More upsets in Kingston – Blake defeats Bolt at 200m, Fraser-Pryce a double winner – Jamaican Olympic Trials, Day 4 Archived 10 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF (2 July 2012). Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Blake defeats Bolt with sizzling 9.75, Fraser-Pryce dazzles with 10.70 national record in Kingston – Jamaican Olympic Trials, Day 2 Archived 10 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF (30 June 2012). Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Guardian, Sean Ingle Olympics 100m final Archived 27 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine 5 August 2012 Olympics snapshots: Usain Bolt wins gold in men's 100m final – Rough Cuts on YouTube Lopresti, Mike (6 August 2012) Usain Bolt Builds Cult of Personality 9.63 Seconds at a Time Archived 10 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. USA Today. Kessel, Anna (5 August 2012). "Usain Bolt takes 100 m Olympic gold – this time even faster | Sport". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 7 January 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2012. Abrahamson, Alan (9 August 2012). "Bolt wins 200, declares he's a "legend"". NBC Olympics. Archived from the original on 10 August 2012. "Bolt Completes Historic Double with Gold in 200 m". CTV Olympics. 9 August 2012. Archived from the original on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2012. "Usain Bolt wins 200m Olympic gold to seal unique sprint double". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2012. Usain Bolt says he's a 'Legend,' but isn't done at Olympics by The Associated Press, 10 August 2012 Archived 12 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine Olympics Snapshots: Bolt is lightning in the 200 meter sprint – Rough Cuts on YouTube "Jamaica shatters world record in 4X100m relays". Jamaica Observer. 11 August 2012. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2012. Mo Farah honoured by Usain Bolt 'Mobot' tribute Archived 25 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 12 August 2012 Wilson, Stephen (9 August 2012). "Rogge: Usain Bolt not a 'legend' yet". Yahoo!. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 14 March 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2012. "IOC chief: Bolt is active performance legend". Sports Inquirer. Associated Press. 12 August 2012. Archived from the original on 14 August 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012. Badenhausen, Kurt (4 August 2012). "How Usain Bolt Earns $20 Million A Year". Forbes. Archived from the original on 8 August 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2012. senior outdoor 2012 100 Metres men Archived 10 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. senior outdoor 2012 200 Metres men Archived 10 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Julin, A. Lennart (29 December 2012). 2012 – End of Year Reviews – Sprints Archived 10 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. "Justin Gatlin edges Usain Bolt in 100". ESPN. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2013. Minshull, Phil (6 June 2013). Gatlin upsets Bolt, Ahoure surprises Felix in Rome – IAAF Diamond League. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Bolt books place on Jamaican team with national 100m win Archived 11 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF (22 June 2013). Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Fraser-Pryce world-leading 22.13, Weir 19.79 on final day of the Jamaican Champs Archived 10 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF (24 June 2013). Retrieved on 10 August 2016. senior outdoor 2013 100 Metres men Archived 19 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. senior outdoor 2013 200 Metres men Archived 10 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. "Usain Bolt regains 100-meter gold at worlds". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2013. "100 Metres Result – 14th IAAF World Championships". iaaf.org. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2014. Johnson, Len (11 August 2013). Report: Men's 100m final – Moscow 2013 Archived 27 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. "Usain Bolt Wins Men's 200 Meters at Worlds". ABC News. Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2013. Lightning Bolt strikes three times in 200m Archived 26 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF (18 August 2013). Retrieved on 10 August 2016. "Jamaica Sweeps 6 Sprint Events With Relay Golds". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2013. Jalava, Mirko (18 August 2013). Report: Men's 4x100m Relay final – Moscow 2013 Archived 21 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Jalava, Mirko (2 January 2014). 2013 end-of-year reviews – sprints Archived 21 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Bolt and Fraser-Pryce are crowned 2013 World Athletes of the Year Archived 29 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF (16 November 2013). Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Ralston, Gary (23 July 2014). "Glasgow 2014: Usain Bolt set for Commonwealth Games debut in Scotland & admits he couldn't disappoint his fans". Daily Record. Archived from the original on 2 June 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015. Fordyce, Tom (2 August 2014) Usain Bolt: Glasgow 2014 gold for Jamaica in 4x100m relay. BBC Sport. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Smith, R. Cory. "Usain Bolt Sets World Indoor 100-Meter Record in Warsaw National Stadium". Bleacher Report. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015. Senior outdoor 2014 100 Metres men. IAAF. "Usain Bolt ends his season by withdrawing from Zurich competition | Sport". The Guardian. Press Association. 24 August 2014. Archived from the original on 16 August 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015. Senior outdoor 2014 200 Metres men. IAAF. "Usain Bolt to retire after 2017 Worlds Championships in London". BBC Sport. 14 February 2015. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2015. Senior outdoor 2015 200 Metres men Archived 20 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. senior outdoor 2015 100 Metres men Archived 27 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Johnson, Len (20 August 2015). Preview: men's 100m – IAAF World Championships, Beijing 2015 Archived 10 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Jalava, Mirko (31 December 2015). 2015 end-of-year reviews – sprints Archived 10 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. "100 Metres men- – 15th IAAF World Championships". IAAF. Archived from the original on 23 August 2015. "Usain Bolt beats Justin Gatlin by one hundredth of a second in 100m World Championship final". The Daily Telegraph. 23 August 2015. Archived from the original on 23 August 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015. Johnson, Len (23 August 2015). Report: men's 100m final – IAAF World Championships, Beijing 2015 Archived 27 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Jalava, Mirko (27 August 2015). Report: men's 200m final – IAAF World Championships, Beijing 2015 Archived 27 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Landells, Steve (29 August 2015). Report: men's 4x100m final – IAAF World Championships, Beijing 2015 Archived 27 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Usain Bolt ends season early and will miss Diamond League final Archived 17 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. BBC Sport (7 September 2015). Retrieved on 10 August 2016. senior outdoor 2016 100 Metres men Archived 1 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. senior outdoor 2016 200 Metres men Archived 21 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine. IAAF. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Brown, Mick (15 July 2016). Usain Bolt on doping and marriage: 'Girls are throwing themselves at you... it's hard to say no' Archived 16 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 10 August 2016. Roan, Dan (16 August 2016). "Rio Olympics 2016: Usain Bolt wants to be among greats Muhammad Ali & Pele". No. 9 August 2016. BBC. Archived from the original on 12 August 2016. "Rio Olympics 2016: Usain Bolt wins 100m gold, Justin Gatlin second". BBC. 16 August 2016. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. "How Usain Bolt won his third consecutive Olympic gold in the 200m". The Guardian. 19 August 2016. Archived from the original on 15 December 2016. "Usain Bolt leads Jamaica to 4x100m gold to complete Olympic triple-treble". The Guardian. 19 August 2016. Archived from the original on 29 November 2016. Mather, Victor (25 January 2017). "Usain Bolt and Jamaica Stripped of 2008 Olympic Relay Gold Medal". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 25 January 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017. Nitro goes off with a bang, returning crowds to athletics Archived 15 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine. The Australian (13 February 2017). Retrieved on 13 February 2017. Rolfe, Peter (8 February 2017). Nitro Athletics stays in Melbourne until at least 2019 Archived 15 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Herald Sun. Retrieved on 13 February 2017. "Usain Bolt loses one Olympic gold medal as Nesta Carter tests positive". BBC News. 25 January 2017. Archived from the original on 25 January 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017. "Bolt finale ends in injury and collapse, no gold". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017. "Bolt statue unveiled in Kingston". World Athletics. 4 December 2017. Archived from the original on 25 October 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2021. Fletcher, Damian; Armstrong, Jeremy (18 August 2008). "Olympic 100m hero Usain Bolt powered by chicken nuggets and yams". Daily Mirror. UK. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2008. Kerr, David (31 August 2012). "Vatican invites Usain Bolt to address religious liberty conference". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 8 December 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2012. "Usain Bolt turns DJ in Paris". The Daily Telegraph. London. 16 July 2010. Archived from the original on 18 July 2010. "Usain Bolt hooked on Call of Duty but remains anonymous to opponents". Daily Telegraph. 16 August 2016. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Longman, Jeré (20 July 2017). "Something Strange in Usain Bolt's Stride". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 July 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2019. What's the origin of Usain Bolt's signature celebration? Archived 30 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine. USA Today (14 August 2016). Retrieved 1 May 2018. Usain Bolt reviews babies' attempts at his trademark lightning bolt pose Archived 2 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Daily Telegraph (19 January 2015). Retrieved 1 May 2018. Catching up with Bernard 'Hollywood' Williams Archived 1 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine. NBC Sports (7 April 2014). Retrieved 1 May 2018. "Internetting: a user's guide #21 - Usain Bolt's fist bump of joy". the Guardian. 19 July 2013. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2020. Thomas, Claire (9 August 2016). "'I still have the hat - it's on my wall': The lucky volunteers who met Usain Bolt". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022 – via www.telegraph.co.uk. Rogers, Martin. "Beloved Bolt 'kind-hearted' and 'really cool'". USA TODAY. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020. "Usain Bolt: Mario helped make me a champion". BBC News. 15 December 2021. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2021. "Usain Bolt Lost $12 Million in Savings in Alleged Fraud, Attorney Says". Complex. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023. "Usain Bolt Welcomes Baby Girl With Partner Kasi Bennett". DancehallMag. 18 May 2020. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020. "Usain Bolt And Kasi Bennett Welcome Baby Girl". Jamaica Gleaner. 18 May 2020. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020. Bolt, Usain. "I want to wish my gf". Instagram. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2020. Bergeson, Samantha (21 July 2021). "Usain Bolt Hints That Daughter Olympia Could Follow in His Olympics Footsteps". E Online. Entertainment Television, LLC. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2023. "Usain Bolt shows off huge baby news secret". NewsComAu. 21 June 2021. Archived from the original on 20 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021. "Usain Bolt welcomes twins, names one Thunder". www.abc.net.au. 20 June 2021. Archived from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021. Davies, Caroline. "Usain Bolt and partner welcome newborn twins Thunder and Saint Leo". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2023. Mountford, Adam (8 February 2009). "Windies triumph delights Bolt". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 10 February 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2009. "Usain Bolt likes to watch Sachin, Gayle". MSN. 22 August 2008. Archived from the original on 22 August 2008. Retrieved 23 August 2008. "Usain Bolt gives respect to cricketer Matthew Hayden". Herald Sun. 22 August 2008. Archived from the original on 24 August 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2008. "Gayle returns as Windies skipper". BBC News. 2 November 2009. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2010. "Lightning Bolt blows over Gayle". BBC News. 19 October 2009. Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. "Usain Bolt to play for Melbourne Stars in Big Bash League?". cricketcountry.com. 12 August 2012. Archived from the original on 14 August 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2012. "Shane Warne leading campaign to bring Usain Bolt to Melbourne for Australia's Twenty20 Big Bash League". The Daily Telegraph. London. 13 August 2012. Archived from the original on 21 August 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2012. "Lightning Bolt strikes Paris". Radio France Internationale. 18 July 2010. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2012. fourfourtwo interview Archived 27 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine. fourfourtwo "Usain Bolt: I could play for Man Utd when I retire". ESPN Soccernet. 9 June 2011. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 18 February 2012. Rieken, Kristie (15 February 2013). "Usain Bolt hits the hardwood at NBA all-star weekend". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2013. Aitkenhead, Decxca (12 November 2016). "Usain Bolt: 'I feel good because I know I've done it clean'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017. "Usain Bolt trains with Norwegian top-flight side Stromsgodset". BBC Sport. 30 May 2018. Archived from the original on 1 June 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018. "Camisa "9.58", Bolt estreia no futebol norueguês com direito a gol perdido" (in Portuguese). Globo.com. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018. "Usain Bolt to finally make Old Trafford debut". BBC News. 27 February 2018. Archived from the original on 8 September 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2018. "Must See". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018. "Lá vem o Raio! Usain Bolt faz sua estreia como jogador de futebol na Austrália". Globoesporte (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2018. "Usain Bolt scores twice on first start for Australia's Central Coast Mariners". BBC. 12 October 2018. Archived from the original on 12 October 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2018. "Usain Bolt Strikes His Signature Pose Celebrating First Goals In Pro Soccer". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 18 October 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2018. "Usain Bolt: Eight-time Olympic champion 'turns down' Valletta contract" Archived 12 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine. BBC. Retrieved 18 October 2018 Wenzel, Murray (21 October 2018). "Usain Bolt offered contract by Central Coast Mariners, agent confirms". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 21 October 2018. Retrieved 21 October 2018. "Usain Bolt: Australian FA helping Central Coast Mariners fund deal with Olympic champion." Archived 25 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine BBC. Retrieved 25 October 2018 "Usain Bolt: Olympic champion has 'touch like a trampoline', says Andy Keogh." Archived 28 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine BBC. Retrieved 26 October 2018 "Usain Bolt leaves Australian football club". BBC News. 2 November 2018. Archived from the original on 11 January 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019. Fiore, Tommaso (22 January 2019). "Usain Bolt gives up on his hopes as a professional football player". Sky Sports. Archived from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2019. "Usain Bolt says he would still SMOKE The NFL's Fastest Players". The Pat McAfee Show YouTube Channel. 30 July 2021. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2021. "I Am Bolt (2016)". IMdb. Archived from the original on 12 February 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2017. "I Am Bolt review – life in the fast lane". The Guardian. 27 November 2016. Archived from the original on 10 March 2017. Kimble, Lindsay (24 August 2020). "Usain Bolt Tested for Coronavirus, Is Not Currently Exhibiting Any Symptoms". People. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Brassil, Gillian R. (24 August 2020). "Usain Bolt Quarantines as He Awaits Result of Coronavirus Test". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021. "Usain Bolt tests positive for coronavirus after birthday party with friends in Jamaica". ABC News. 25 August 2020. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2020. "PUMA's Usain Bolt breaks 100m World Record". Puma. 3 June 2008. Archived from the original on 1 August 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2008. "Puma running – Chasing Bolt". Puma. Archived from the original on 28 April 2010. Retrieved 18 August 2008. Rowbottom, Mike (2 June 2008). "'Lightning' Bolt storms to record in 100 metres". The Independent. UK. Archived from the original on 5 June 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2008. "Lightning Bolt's Irish connection". BBC Sport. 20 August 2008. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2008. "Lightning Bolt makes giant leap". Evening Herald. 18 August 2008. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2008. "Allon Sinai's Olympic Diary: A Bolt from the blue strikes the Nest". The Jerusalem Post. 17 August 2008. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2008. Weiner, Jay (16 August 2008). "Usain Bolt blazes to top of 100-metre lore". Sporting News. Archived from the original on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2008. "Wallaby winger Lachie Turner named footy's fastest man after 100m race". Daily Telegraph. 16 August 2016. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2016. Sweney, Mark (13 January 2012). "Usain Bolt mimics Richard Branson in Virgin Media superfast broadband ad". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 5 December 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2012. Levy, Leighton (20 March 2012). "Bolt Stars in Visa Ad". The Gleaner. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2012. "Can Usain Bolt Create an Olympic-Sized Brand?". Mashable. 18 July 2012. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Manahan, Theresa (12 June 2012). "Usain Bolt designs own line of headphones". ESPN. Athlete Profile Usain Bolt Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine. PACE Sports Management. Retrieved 12 May 2009. Thomas, Claire (3 August 2017). "10 facts you didn't know about Usain Bolt, the world's fastest man". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2017. Badenhausen, Kurt (15 June 2017). "Cristiano Ronaldo Produced Nearly $1 Billion In Value For Sponsors On Social Media". Forbes. Retrieved 30 August 2017. "How Usain Bolt Earns $33 Million A Year--A Whopping 10 Times More Than Any Other Track Star". Forbes. 12 August 2016. "Usain Bolt". Forbes. 6 April 2018. "Usain Bolt: From Olympic sprinter to business co-founder". CNN. 16 May 2019. "BOLT Mobility Electric Scooters" – via www.facebook.com. "Usain Bolt and Sarah Haynes on E-Scooter company, Bolt". www.cnbc.com. 14 March 2019. Clark, Nate (2 February 2019). "Usain Bolt having fun at Super Bowl, 'ties' NFL Combine 40-yard dash record". OlympicTalk. Retrieved 28 September 2019. Frangoul, Anmar (17 May 2019). "Usain Bolt launches two-seater electric vehicle which starts at $9,999". CNBC. "Why Usain Bolt thinks his e-scooter company will succeed - CNN Video". 15 May 2019 – via www.cnn.com. "Usain Bolt: From Olympic sprinter to business co-founder". "Greenride Bikeshare system shuts down suddenly in BTV, S. Burlington and Winooski". Burlington Free Press. Retrieved 2 August 2022. Bellan, Rebecca (31 July 2022). "Bolt Mobility has vanished, leaving e-bikes, unanswered calls". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2 August 2022. Toll, Micah (1 August 2022). "After Bolt bolted from 5 US cities, who gets to take its abandoned electric bikes?". Electrek. Retrieved 2 August 2022. "Usain Bolt Turns Producer: Watch the Olympic Gold Medalist's Music Video: Premiere". Billboard. Retrieved 31 December 2019. "Vybz Kartel Drops 'ADIADKING' From Immortal Riddim". DancehallMag. 29 November 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019. "Usain Bolt Talks About His Hot Dancehall Riddim And Brand New Building". DancehallMag. 18 December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019. "'Living The Dream': Usain Bolt Releases New Single". Radio Jamaica News. 4 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021. "Usain Bolt wins IAAF World Athlete of the Year award for a record sixth time". BBC Sport. 2 December 2016. Archived from the original on 3 December 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016. "Fastest man on Earth Usain Bolt wins Laureus World Sportsman of the Year Award". Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2009. "2010 Laureus World Sports Awards Winners are Announced". Archived from the original on 14 March 2010. Retrieved 10 March 2010. "Usain Bolt, Jessica Ennis win top Laureus awards". The Australian. 12 March 2013. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. "Usain Bolt named best male athlete ahead of Djokovic, Messi" Archived 28 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Caribbean360, 31 December 2015 "Welcoming home our Olympians Archived 12 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine", The Jamaica Gleaner, 5 October 2008. National Awards of Jamaica Archived 26 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Official Jamaican Government website National Awards of Jamaica Archived 26 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Official Jamaican Government website. "So far, the youngest member is Ambassador the Hon. Usain Bolt. He was awarded at age 23 for outstanding performance in the field of athletics at the international level." "World's fastest man Bolt gets Order of Jamaica Archived 20 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine", Associated Press, 19 October 2009. "103 for national awards Archived 16 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine", The Jamaica Gleaner, 6 August 2009. "A juicy award for embattled Denis O'Brien". Irish Times. 16 August 2016. Archived from the original on 25 September 2016. "100 Metres All Time". IAAF. 5 August 2012. Archived from the original on 12 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012. "4x100 Metres Relay All Time". IAAF. 22 August 2008. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012. Zaccardi, Nick (1 June 2021). "Erriyon Knighton, 17-year-old pro sprinter, breaks Usain Bolt junior record". NBC Sports. Retrieved 1 June 2021. Mulkeen, Jon (1 June 2021). "Knighton breaks Bolt's world U18 200m best with 20.11 in Jacksonville". World Athletics. Retrieved 1 June 2021. Usain Bolt[permanent dead link]. Tilastopaja. Retrieved 1 May 2018. "Guinness World Records online registry" the result of the linked search will display higher number of records, however many of those displayed contain the name of Usain Bolt in the description of the record but don't belong to him". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 15 March 2018. "Biochemical Analysis of the Sprint and Hurdles Events at the 2009 IAAF World Championships in Athletics". MeathAthletics.ie. Retrieved 9 November 2018 Gold medal stripped due to teammate Nesta Carter's subsequently failed drugs test "IAAF unveils 12-meet 'Diamond League' series". The New York Times. 2 March 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2021. Levy, Leightonn (3 February 2010). "Bolt headlines super clash - Jamaica speedster set for June 12 100m showdown with Powell, Gay". The Gleaner. Retrieved 27 February 2021. "IAAF to launch global Diamond League of 1 Day Meetings". IAAF. 2 March 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2021. Houston, Michael (12 May 2020). "Diamond League announces revised 2020 calendar". Inside the Games. Retrieved 27 February 2021. "Superb Bolt storms to 150m record". BBC Sport. 17 May 2009. Retrieved 28 February 2021. External links Media related to Usain Bolt at Wikimedia Commons Usain Bolt at Wikinews Quotations related to Usain Bolt at Wikiquote Official website Usain Bolt at World Athletics Edit this at Wikidata Usain Bolt timeline via The Daily Telegraph Videos Usain Bolt wins the 2009 IAAF World Championships in Athletics men's 100 metres final in 9.58 seconds via IAAF on YouTube Usain Bolt wins the 2009 Great CityGames Manchester men's 150 metres final in 14.35 seconds via Athletics Weekly on YouTube Usain Bolt wins the 2009 IAAF World Championships in Athletics men's 200 metres final in 19.19 seconds via IAAF on YouTube Usain Bolt wins the 2012 Olympic Games men's 100 metres final in 9.63 seconds via the Olympic Channel on YouTube Usain Bolt wins the 2012 Olympic Games men's 200 metres final in 19.32 seconds via the Olympic Channel on YouTube Usain Bolt wins the 2016 Olympic Games men's 100 metres final in 9.81 seconds via the Olympic Channel on YouTube Usain Bolt wins the 2016 Olympic Games men's 200 metres final in 19.79 seconds via the Olympic Channel on YouTube All of Usain Bolt's Olympic Games finals via the Olympic Channel on YouTube Related Records Preceded by Asafa Powell Men's 100 metres World Record Holder 31 May 2008 – present Incumbent Preceded by Michael Johnson Men's 200 metres World Record Holder 20 August 2008 – present Incumbent Preceded by Roy Martin Men's World Junior Record Holder, 200 metres 11 April 2004 – 26 June 2021 Succeeded by Erriyon Knighton Preceded by DaBryan Blanton Boys' World Youth Best Holder, 200 metres 5 April 2003 – 31 May 2021 Achievements Preceded by Asafa Powell Tyson Gay Men's season's best performance, 100 metres 2008, 2009 2012, 2013 Succeeded by Tyson Gay Justin Gatlin Preceded by Tyson Gay Yohan Blake Men's season's best performance, 200 metres 2008, 2009, 2010 2012, 2013 Succeeded by Yohan Blake Justin Gatlin Awards Preceded by Asafa Powell Christopher Gayle Nicholas Walters Jamaica Sportsman of the year 2008, 2009 2011, 2012, 2013 2015, 2016 Succeeded by Christopher Gayle Nicholas Walters Omar McLeod Preceded by Asafa Powell CAC Male Athlete of the Year 2008 Incumbent Preceded by Tyson Gay Men's Track & Field Athlete of the Year 2008, 2009 Succeeded by David Rudisha Preceded by Tyson Gay David Rudisha Ashton Eaton IAAF World Athlete of the Year 2008, 2009 2011 – 2013 2016 Succeeded by David Rudisha Renaud Lavillenie Mutaz Essa Barshim Preceded by Roger Federer Novak Djokovic BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year 2008, 2009 2012 Succeeded by Rafael Nadal Sebastian Vettel Preceded by Roger Federer Lionel Messi Renaud Lavillenie L'Équipe Champion of Champions 2008, 2009 2012 2015, 2016 Succeeded by Rafael Nadal Rafael Nadal Rafael Nadal/Roger Federer Preceded by Roger Federer José Mourinho Vincenzo Nibali Gazzetta dello Sport Sportsman of the Year 2008, 2009 2012, 2013 2015, 2016 Succeeded by Lionel Messi Vincenzo Nibali Roger Federer Preceded by Roger Federer Novak Djokovic Novak Djokovic Laureus World Sportsman of the Year 2009, 2010 2013 2017 Succeeded by Rafael Nadal Sebastian Vettel Roger Federer Preceded by Tyson Gay Best Track and Field Athlete ESPY Award 2009 Succeeded by Tyson Gay Preceded by Lorena Ochoa Lionel Messi Best International Athlete ESPY Award 2009 2013 Succeeded by Lionel Messi Cristiano Ronaldo Olympic Games Preceded by Veronica Campbell-Brown Flagbearer for Jamaica London 2012 Succeeded by Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce vte Jamaican Sportsman of the Year 1961: Bunny Grant 1962: George Kerr 1963: Noel Douglas 1964: Percy Hayles 1965: Phillip Alexander 1966: Jackie Hendriks 1967: Octavius Morgan 1968: Orville Haslam 1969: Paul Nash 1970–71: Don Quarrie 1972: Lawrence Rowe 1973: Maurice Foster 1974: Lawrence Rowe 1975–77: Don Quarrie 1978: Mike McCallum 1979–80: David Weller 1981–83: Bert Cameron 1984–87: Mike McCallum 1988: Jeff Dujon 1989–90: Mike McCallum 1991: Patrick Patterson 1992–93: Winthrop Graham 1994: Jimmy Adams 1995–96: James Beckford 1997: Deon Burton 1998–2000: Courtney Walsh 2001: Christopher Williams 2002: Michael Blackwood 2003: James Beckford 2004: Danny McFarlane 2005–07: Asafa Powell 2008–09: Usain Bolt 2010: Chris Gayle 2011–13: Usain Bolt 2014: Nicholas Walters 2015–16: Usain Bolt 2017: Omar McLeod 2018: Fedrick Dacres 2019: Tajay Gayle vte Olympic champions in men's 100 metres 1896: Thomas Burke (USA) 1900: Frank Jarvis (USA) 1904: Archie Hahn (USA) 1908: Reggie Walker (RSA) 1912: Ralph Craig (USA) 1920: Charley Paddock (USA) 1924: Harold Abrahams (GBR) 1928: Percy Williams (CAN) 1932: Eddie Tolan (USA) 1936: Jesse Owens (USA) 1948: Harrison Dillard (USA) 1952: Lindy Remigino (USA) 1956: Bobby Morrow (USA) 1960: Armin Hary (EUA) 1964: Bob Hayes (USA) 1968: Jim Hines (USA) 1972: Valeriy Borzov (URS) 1976: Hasely Crawford (TRI) 1980: Allan Wells (GBR) 1984: Carl Lewis (USA) 1988: Carl Lewis (USA) 1992: Linford Christie (GBR) 1996: Donovan Bailey (CAN) 2000: Maurice Greene (USA) 2004: Justin Gatlin (USA) 2008: Usain Bolt (JAM) 2012: Usain Bolt (JAM) 2016: Usain Bolt (JAM) 2020: Marcell Jacobs (ITA) vte Olympic champions in men's 200 metres 1900: Walter Tewksbury (USA) 1904: Archie Hahn (USA) 1908: Robert Kerr (CAN) 1912: Ralph Craig (USA) 1920: Allen Woodring (USA) 1924: Jackson Scholz (USA) 1928: Percy Williams (CAN) 1932: Eddie Tolan (USA) 1936: Jesse Owens (USA) 1948: Mel Patton (USA) 1952: Andy Stanfield (USA) 1956: Bobby Morrow (USA) 1960: Livio Berruti (ITA) 1964: Henry Carr (USA) 1968: Tommie Smith (USA) 1972: Valeriy Borzov (URS) 1976: Don Quarrie (JAM) 1980: Pietro Mennea (ITA) 1984: Carl Lewis (USA) 1988: Joe DeLoach (USA) 1992: Michael Marsh (USA) 1996: Michael Johnson (USA) 2000: Konstantinos Kenteris (GRE) 2004: Shawn Crawford (USA) 2008: Usain Bolt (JAM) 2012: Usain Bolt (JAM) 2016: Usain Bolt (JAM) 2020: Andre De Grasse (CAN) vte Olympic champions in men's 4 × 100 metres relay 1912: David Jacobs, Henry Macintosh, Victor d'Arcy, Willie Applegarth (GBR) 1920: Charley Paddock, Jackson Scholz, Loren Murchison, Morris Kirksey (USA) 1924: Loren Murchison, Louis Clarke, Frank Hussey, Al LeConey (USA) 1928: Frank Wykoff, James Quinn, Charley Borah, Henry Russell (USA) 1932: Bob Kiesel, Emmett Toppino, Hector Dyer, Frank Wykoff (USA) 1936: Jesse Owens, Ralph Metcalfe, Foy Draper, Frank Wykoff (USA) 1948: Barney Ewell, Lorenzo Wright, Harrison Dillard, Mel Patton (USA) 1952: Dean Smith, Harrison Dillard, Lindy Remigino, Andy Stanfield (USA) 1956: Ira Murchison, Leamon King, Thane Baker, Bobby Morrow (USA) 1960: Bernd Cullmann, Armin Hary, Walter Mahlendorf, Martin Lauer (EUA) 1964: Paul Drayton, Gerry Ashworth, Richard Stebbins, Bob Hayes (USA) 1968: Charles Greene, Mel Pender, Ronnie Ray Smith, Jim Hines (USA) 1972: Larry Black, Robert Taylor, Gerald Tinker, Eddie Hart (USA) 1976: Harvey Glance, Lam Jones, Millard Hampton, Steve Riddick (USA) 1980: Vladimir Muravyov, Nikolay Sidorov, Aleksandr Aksinin, Andrey Prokofyev (URS) 1984: Sam Graddy, Ron Brown, Calvin Smith, Carl Lewis (USA) 1988: Viktor Bryzhin, Vladimir Krylov, Vladimir Muravyov, Vitaliy Savin (URS) 1992: Michael Marsh, Leroy Burrell, Dennis Mitchell, Carl Lewis, James Jett (USA) 1996: Robert Esmie, Glenroy Gilbert, Bruny Surin, Donovan Bailey, Carlton Chambers (CAN) 2000: Jon Drummond, Bernard Williams, Brian Lewis, Maurice Greene, Tim Montgomery, Kenny Brokenburr (USA) 2004: Jason Gardener, Darren Campbell, Marlon Devonish, Mark Lewis-Francis (GBR) 2008: Keston Bledman, Marc Burns, Emmanuel Callender, Richard Thompson, Aaron Armstrong (TTO) 2012: Nesta Carter, Michael Frater, Yohan Blake, Usain Bolt, Bailey-Cole (JAM) 2016: Asafa Powell, Yohan Blake, Nickel Ashmeade, Usain Bolt, Jevaughn Minzie, Kemar Bailey-Cole (JAM) 2020: Lorenzo Patta, Marcell Jacobs, Fausto Desalu, Filippo Tortu (ITA) vte World champions in men's 100 metres 1983: United States Carl Lewis (USA) 1987: United States Carl Lewis (USA) 1991: United States Carl Lewis (USA) 1993: United Kingdom Linford Christie (GBR) 1995: Canada Donovan Bailey (CAN) 1997: United States Maurice Greene (USA) 1999: United States Maurice Greene (USA) 2001: United States Maurice Greene (USA) 2003: Saint Kitts and Nevis Kim Collins (SKN) 2005: United States Justin Gatlin (USA) 2007: United States Tyson Gay (USA) 2009: Jamaica Usain Bolt (JAM) 2011: Jamaica Yohan Blake (JAM) 2013: Jamaica Usain Bolt (JAM) 2015: Jamaica Usain Bolt (JAM) 2017: United States Justin Gatlin (USA) 2019: United States Christian Coleman (USA) 2022: United States Fred Kerley (USA) 2023: United States Noah Lyles (USA) vte World champions in men's 200 metres 1983: United States Calvin Smith (USA) 1987: United States Calvin Smith (USA) 1991: United States Michael Johnson (USA) 1993: Namibia Frankie Fredericks (NAM) 1995: United States Michael Johnson (USA) 1997: Trinidad and Tobago Ato Boldon (TRI) 1999: United States Maurice Greene (USA) 2001: Greece Konstantinos Kenteris (GRE) 2003: United States John Capel (USA) 2005: United States Justin Gatlin (USA) 2007: United States Tyson Gay (USA) 2009: Jamaica Usain Bolt (JAM) 2011: Jamaica Usain Bolt (JAM) 2013: Jamaica Usain Bolt (JAM) 2015: Jamaica Usain Bolt (JAM) 2017: Turkey Ramil Guliyev (TUR) 2019: United States Noah Lyles (USA) 2022: United States Noah Lyles (USA) 2023: United States Noah Lyles (USA) vte World champions in men's 4 × 100 metres relay 1983: United States Emmit King, Willie Gault, Calvin Smith, Carl Lewis (USA) 1987: United States Lee McRae, Lee Vernon McNeill, Harvey Glance, Carl Lewis (USA) 1991: United States Andre Cason, Leroy Burrell, Dennis Mitchell, Carl Lewis (USA) 1993: United States Jon Drummond, Andre Cason, Dennis Mitchell, Leroy Burrell, Calvin Smith (USA) 1995: Canada Donovan Bailey, Robert Esmie, Glenroy Gilbert, Bruny Surin (CAN) 1997: Canada Robert Esmie, Glenroy Gilbert, Bruny Surin, Donovan Bailey, Carlton Chambers (CAN) 1999: United States Jon Drummond, Tim Montgomery, Brian Lewis, Maurice Greene (USA) 2001: South Africa Morné Nagel, Corné du Plessis, Lee-Roy Newton, Matthew Quinn (RSA) 2003: United States John Capel, Bernard Williams, Darvis Patton, Joshua J. Johnson (USA) 2005: France Ladji Doucouré, Ronald Pognon, Eddy De Lépine, Lueyi Dovy, Oudéré Kankarafou (FRA) 2007: United States Darvis Patton, Wallace Spearmon, Tyson Gay, Leroy Dixon, Rodney Martin (USA) 2009: Jamaica Steve Mullings, Michael Frater, Usain Bolt, Asafa Powell, Dwight Thomas, Lerone Clarke (JAM) 2011: Jamaica Nesta Carter, Michael Frater, Yohan Blake, Usain Bolt, Dexter Lee (JAM) 2013: Jamaica Nesta Carter, Kemar Bailey-Cole, Nickel Ashmeade, Usain Bolt, Warren Weir, Oshane Bailey (JAM) 2015: Jamaica Nesta Carter, Asafa Powell, Nickel Ashmeade, Usain Bolt, Rasheed Dwyer (JAM) 2017: United Kingdom CJ Ujah, Adam Gemili, Danny Talbot, Nethaneel Mitchell-Blake (GBR) 2019: United States Christian Coleman, Justin Gatlin, Mike Rodgers, Noah Lyles, Cravon Gillespie (USA) 2022: Canada Aaron Brown, Jerome Blake, Brendon Rodney, Andre De Grasse (CAN) 2023: United States Christian Coleman, Fred Kerley, Brandon Carnes, Noah Lyles, J.T. Smith (USA) vte World U20 Champions in men's 200 metres 1986: Stanley Kerr (USA) 1988: Kevin Braunskill (USA) 1990: Aleksandr Goremykin (URS) 1992: Ato Boldon (TTO) 1994: Tony Wheeler (USA) 1996: Francis Obikwelu (NGR) 1998: Christian Malcolm (GBR) 2000: Paul Gorries (RSA) 2002: Usain Bolt (JAM) 2004: Andrew Howe (ITA) 2006: Marek Niit (EST) 2008: Christophe Lemaitre (FRA) 2010: Shōta Iizuka (JPN) 2012: Delano Williams (TCA) 2014: Trentavis Friday (USA) 2016: Michael Norman (USA) 2018: Jona Efoloko (GBR) 2021: Udodi Onwuzurike (NGR) 2022: Blessing Afrifah (ISR) vte World Youth Champions in men's 200 metres 1999: Tim Benjamin (GBR) 2001: Jonathan Wade (USA) 2003: Usain Bolt (JAM) 2005: Harry Aikines-Aryeetey (GBR) 2007: Ramone McKenzie (JAM) 2009: Kirani James (GRN) 2011: Stephen Newbold (BHS) 2013: Michael O'Hara (JAM) 2015: Abdul Hakim Sani Brown (JPN) 2017: Retshidisitswe Mlenga (RSA) vte Commonwealth Games champions in men's 4 × 100 metres relay 4 x 110 yards (1930–1966) 1930: Miller, Brown, Adams, Fitzpatrick (CAN) 1934: Davis, Saunders, Rangeley, Sweeney (ENG) 1938: Brown, Haley, Loaring, O'Connor (CAN) 1950: Gordon, Johnson, Treloar, De Gruchy (AUS) 1954: Springbett, Stonehouse, Nelson, McFarlane (CAN) 1958: Radford, Sandstrom, Segal, Breacker (ENG) 1962: Radford, Carter, Meakin, Jones (ENG) 1966: E. Addy, Mends, J. Addy, Allotey (GHA) 4 x 100 metres (1970–present) 1970: Stewart, Miller, Lawson, Quarrie (JAM) 1974: Lewis, D'Arcy, Ratcliffe, Haskell (AUS) 1978: Jenkins, Wells, Sharp, McMaster (SCO) 1982: Adegbehingbe, Adeyanju, Oyeledun, Eseme (NGR) 1986: McKoy, Mahorn, Williams, Johnson (CAN) 1990: Callender, Regis, Adam, Christie (ENG) 1994: Bailey,Gilbert, Chambers, Surin (CAN) 1998: Chambers, Devonish, Golding, Campbell (ENG) 2002: Gardener, Devonish, Condon, Campbell (ENG) 2006: Frater, Waugh, Williams, Powell (JAM) 2010: Scott, Baptiste, Devonish, Lewis-Francis (ENG) 2014: Livermore, Bailey-Cole, Ashmeade, Bolt (JAM) 2018: Arthur, Hughes, Kilty, Aikines-Aryeetey (ENG) 2022: Efoloko, Hughes, Mitchell-Blake, Edoburun (ENG) vte Diamond League champions in men's 100 metres 2010: Tyson Gay (USA) 2011: Asafa Powell (JAM) 2012: Usain Bolt (JAM) 2013: Justin Gatlin (USA) 2014: Justin Gatlin (USA) 2015: Justin Gatlin (USA) 2016: Asafa Powell (JAM) 2017: CJ Ujah (GBR) 2018: Christian Coleman (USA) 2019: Noah Lyles (USA) 2020: not awarded 2021: Fred Kerley (USA) 2022: Trayvon Bromell (USA) 2023: Christian Coleman (USA) vte World Athlete of the Year (men) 1988: United States Carl Lewis (USA) 1989: United States Roger Kingdom (USA) 1990: United Kingdom Steve Backley (GBR) 1991: United States Carl Lewis (USA) 1992: United States Kevin Young (USA) 1993: United Kingdom Colin Jackson (GBR) 1994: Algeria Noureddine Morceli (ALG) 1995: United Kingdom Jonathan Edwards (GBR) 1996: United States Michael Johnson (USA) 1997: Denmark Wilson Kipketer (DEN) 1998: Ethiopia Haile Gebrselassie (ETH) 1999: United States Michael Johnson (USA) 2000: Czech Republic Jan Železný (CZE) 2001: Morocco Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR) 2002: Morocco Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR) 2003: Morocco Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR) 2004: Ethiopia Kenenisa Bekele (ETH) 2005: Ethiopia Kenenisa Bekele (ETH) 2006: Jamaica Asafa Powell (JAM) 2007: United States Tyson Gay (USA) 2008: Jamaica Usain Bolt (JAM) 2009: Jamaica Usain Bolt (JAM) 2010: Kenya David Rudisha (KEN) 2011: Jamaica Usain Bolt (JAM) 2012: Jamaica Usain Bolt (JAM) 2013: Jamaica Usain Bolt (JAM) 2014: France Renaud Lavillenie (FRA) 2015: United States Ashton Eaton (USA) 2016: Jamaica Usain Bolt (JAM) 2017: Qatar Mutaz Essa Barshim (QAT) 2018: Kenya Eliud Kipchoge (KEN) 2019: Kenya Eliud Kipchoge (KEN) 2020: Sweden Armand Duplantis (SWE) 2021: Norway Karsten Warholm (NOR) 2022: Sweden Armand Duplantis (SWE) 2023: Sweden Armand Duplantis (SWE) 2023: Kenya Kelvin Kiptum (KEN) 2023: United States Noah Lyles (USA) vte Best International Athlete ESPY Award winners 2006: Pujols 2007: Federer 2008: Nadal 2009: Bolt 2010–2011: Award not given 2012: Messi 2013: Bolt 2014: Ronaldo 2015: Messi 2016: Ronaldo 2017: Bolt 2018: Ronaldo 2019: Messi 2020: Award not given 2021: Ronaldo 2022: Mbappé vte Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsman of the Year 2000: Tiger Woods 2001: Tiger Woods 2002: Michael Schumacher 2003: Lance Armstrong 2004: Michael Schumacher 2005: Roger Federer 2006: Roger Federer 2007: Roger Federer 2008: Roger Federer 2009: Usain Bolt 2010: Usain Bolt 2011: Rafael Nadal 2012: Novak Djokovic 2013: Usain Bolt 2014: Sebastian Vettel 2015: Novak Djokovic 2016: Novak Djokovic 2017: Usain Bolt 2018: Roger Federer 2019: Novak Djokovic 2020: Lewis Hamilton & Lionel Messi 2021: Rafael Nadal 2022: Max Verstappen 2023: Lionel Messi vte BBC Sports Personality World Sport Star of the Year 1960: Herb Elliott 1961: Valeriy Brumel 1962: Donald Jackson 1963: Jacques Anquetil 1964: Abebe Bikila 1965: Ron Clarke & Gary Player 1966: Eusébio & Garfield Sobers 1967: George Moore 1968: Ludmila Belousova & Oleg Protopopov 1969: Rod Laver 1970: Pelé 1971: Lee Trevino 1972: Olga Korbut 1973: Muhammad Ali 1974: Muhammad Ali 1975: Arthur Ashe 1976: Nadia Comăneci 1977: Niki Lauda 1978: Muhammad Ali 1979: Björn Borg 1980: Jack Nicklaus 1981: Chris Evert 1982: Jimmy Connors 1983: Carl Lewis 1984: Seve Ballesteros 1985: Boris Becker 1986: Greg Norman 1987: Martina Navratilova 1988: Steffi Graf 1989: Mike Tyson 1990: Mal Meninga 1991: Mike Powell 1992: Andre Agassi 1993: Greg Norman 1994: Brian Lara 1995: Jonah Lomu 1996: Evander Holyfield & Michael Johnson 1997: Martina Hingis 1998: Mark O'Meara 1999: Maurice Greene 2000: Tiger Woods 2001: Goran Ivanišević 2002: Ronaldo 2003: Lance Armstrong 2004: Roger Federer 2005: Shane Warne 2006: Roger Federer 2007: Roger Federer 2008: Usain Bolt 2009: Usain Bolt 2010: Rafael Nadal 2011: Novak Djokovic 2012: Usain Bolt 2013: Sebastian Vettel 2014: Cristiano Ronaldo 2015: Dan Carter 2016: Simone Biles 2017: Roger Federer 2018: Francesco Molinari 2019: Eliud Kipchoge 2020: Khabib Nurmagomedov 2021: Rachael Blackmore 2022: Lionel Messi 2023: Erling Haaland vte BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award 1996: Frank Bruno 1997: Seve Ballesteros 1998: No award 1999: No award 2000: No award 2001: Alex Ferguson 2002: George Best 2003: Martina Navratilova 2004: Ian Botham 2005: Pelé 2006: Björn Borg 2007: Bobby Robson 2008: Bobby Charlton 2009: Seve Ballesteros 2010: David Beckham 2011: Steve Redgrave 2012: Sebastian Coe 2013: No award 2014: Chris Hoy 2015: Tony McCoy 2016: Michael Phelps 2017: Jessica Ennis-Hill 2018: Billie Jean King 2019: Tanni Grey-Thompson 2020: No award 2021: Simone Biles 2022: Usain Bolt vte L'Équipe Champion of Champions Original award 1980: Eric Heiden 1981: Sebastian Coe 1982: Paolo Rossi 1983: Carl Lewis 1984: Carl Lewis 1985: Sergey Bubka 1986: Diego Maradona 1987: Ben Johnson 1988: Florence Griffith Joyner 1989: Greg LeMond 1990: Ayrton Senna 1991: Carl Lewis 1992: Michael Jordan 1993: Noureddine Morceli 1994: Romário 1995: Jonathan Edwards 1996: Michael Johnson 1997: Sergey Bubka 1998: Zinedine Zidane 1999: Andre Agassi 2000: Tiger Woods 2001: Michael Schumacher 2002: Michael Schumacher 2003: Michael Schumacher 2004: Hicham El Guerrouj 2005: Roger Federer 2006: Roger Federer 2007: Roger Federer 2008: Usain Bolt 2009: Usain Bolt 2010: Rafael Nadal 2011: Lionel Messi Male and female awards separated Male award 2012: Usain Bolt 2013: Rafael Nadal 2014: Renaud Lavillenie 2015: Usain Bolt 2016: Usain Bolt 2017: Roger Federer & Rafael Nadal 2018: Marcel Hirscher 2019: Rafael Nadal 2020: Lewis Hamilton 2021: Novak Djokovic 2022: Lionel Messi 2023: Novak Djokovic Female award 2012: Serena Williams 2013: Serena Williams 2014: Katie Ledecky 2015: Serena Williams 2016: Simone Biles 2017: Katie Ledecky 2018: Simone Biles 2019: Simone Biles 2020: Marte Olsbu Røiseland 2021: Elaine Thompson-Herah 2022: Iga Świątek 2023: Simone Biles Portals: Biography Athletics Olympics flag Jamaica Authority control databases Edit this at Wikidata International FAST ISNI VIAF National Norway Spain France BnF data Catalonia Germany Italy Israel United States Sweden Latvia Japan Czech Republic Netherlands Poland Russia Artists MusicBrainz People World Athletics Other IdRef Categories: 1986 birthsLiving peopleSportspeople from Trelawny ParishJamaican autobiographersJamaican male sprintersOlympic male sprintersOlympic athletes for JamaicaOlympic gold medalists for JamaicaOlympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer OlympicsAthletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer OlympicsAthletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer OlympicsAthletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer OlympicsMedalists at the 2008 Summer OlympicsMedalists at the 2012 Summer OlympicsMedalists at the 2016 Summer OlympicsCompetitors stripped of Summer Olympics medalsCommonwealth Games gold medallists for JamaicaCommonwealth Games gold medallists in athleticsAthletes (track and field) at the 2014 Commonwealth GamesWorld Athletics Championships athletes for JamaicaWorld Athletics Championships winnersWorld Athletics Championships medalistsWorld Athletics U20 Championships winnersIAAF World Athletics Final winnersDiamond League winnersJamaican Athletics Championships winnersWorld Athletics record holdersWorld Athletics record holders (relay)BBC Sports Personality World Sport Star of the Year winnersLaureus World Sports Awards winnersTrack & Field News Athlete of the Year winnersMembers of the Order of JamaicaCommanders of the Order of DistinctionJamaican Roman CatholicsMedallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games 2024 Summer Olympics Article Talk Read Edit View history Tools From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Paris 2024" and "2024 Olympics" redirect here. For the Summer Paralympics, see 2024 Summer Paralympics. For the Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon, South Korea, see 2024 Winter Youth Olympics. Games of the XXXIII Olympiad Emblem of the 2024 Summer Olympics Host city Paris, France Motto Games wide open (French: Ouvrons grand les Jeux)[1][2] Athletes 10,500 (quota limit)[3] Events 329 in 32 sports Opening 26 July 2024 Closing 11 August 2024 Stadium Jardins du Trocadéro and the Seine (opening ceremony) Stade de France (athletics competition, closing ceremony)[4] Summer ← Tokyo 2020 Los Angeles 2028 → Winter ← Beijing 2022 Milano-Cortina 2026 → 2024 Summer Paralympics Olympic rings Part of a series on 2024 Summer Olympics Bid process (bid details) Development (venues, torch relay) Marketing (mascots) Broadcasters Opening ceremony (flag bearers) Chronological summary Medal table (medallists) Controversies World and Olympic records Closing ceremony (flag bearers) Paralympics IOC CNOSF POCOG vte The 2024 Summer Olympics (French: Jeux olympiques d'été de 2024), officially the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad (French: Jeux de la XXXIIIe Olympiade) and commonly known as Paris 2024, is an upcoming international multi-sport event scheduled to take place from 26 July to 11 August 2024 in France, with Paris as the main host city and 16 other cities spread across metropolitan France, plus one subsite in Tahiti—an island within the French overseas country and overseas collectivity of French Polynesia.[5] Paris was awarded the Games at the 131st IOC Session in Lima, Peru, on 13 September 2017. After multiple withdrawals that left only Paris and Los Angeles in contention, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) approved a process to concurrently award the 2024 and 2028 Summer Olympics to the two cities. Having previously hosted in 1900 and 1924, Paris will become the second city, after London (who were the hosts in 1908, 1948 and 2012) to host the Summer Olympics three times. Paris 2024 will mark the centenary of Paris 1924, and these Olympic Games will be the sixth hosted by France (three in summer and three in winter), and the first French Olympics since the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville. Following Paris 2024, the Summer Games will return to the traditional four-year Olympiad cycle, as the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo was delayed by a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Paris 2024 will feature the debut of breaking (also known as breakdancing)[6] as an Olympic event, and it will be the final Olympic Games held during the presidency of IOC President Thomas Bach.[7] The Games will be the first to feature identical number of athletes between men and women. Questions regarding the participation of Russian, Belarusian and Israeli athletes have been debated in the lead-up to the event. The Games are expected to cost €8.3 billion.[8] Bidding process Further information: Bids for the 2024 and 2028 Summer Olympics The five candidate cities were Paris, Hamburg, Budapest, Rome, and Los Angeles. The bidding process was slowed by withdrawals, political uncertainty and deterring costs.[9] Hamburg withdrew its bid on 29 November 2015 after holding a referendum.[10] Rome withdrew on 21 September 2016, citing fiscal difficulties.[11] Budapest withdrew on 22 February 2017, after a petition against the bid collected more signatures than necessary for a referendum.[12][13][14] Following these withdrawals, the IOC Executive Board met on 9 June 2017 in Lausanne, Switzerland, to discuss the 2024 and 2028 bid processes.[15][16] The International Olympic Committee formally proposed electing the 2024 and 2028 Olympic host cities at the same time in 2017, a proposal which an Extraordinary IOC Session approved on 11 July 2017 in Lausanne.[16] The IOC set up a process whereby the LA 2024 and Paris 2024 bid committees met with the IOC to discuss which city would host the Games in 2024 and 2028, and whether it was possible to select the host cities for both at the same time.[17] Following the decision to award the two Games simultaneously, Paris was understood to be the preferred host for 2024. On 31 July 2017, the IOC announced Los Angeles as the sole candidate for 2028,[18][19] enabling Paris to be confirmed as host for 2024. Both decisions were ratified at the 131st IOC Session on 13 September 2017.[20] Host city election Paris was elected as the host city on 13 September 2017 at the 131st IOC Session in Lima, Peru. The two French IOC members, Guy Drut and Tony Estanguet, were ineligible to vote under the rules of the Olympic Charter. 2024 Summer Olympics bidding results City Nation Votes Paris France Unanimous Development and preparations Venues 2024 Summer Olympics is located in Paris and inner ring Arena Paris Nord and Villepinte PMC Range Arena Paris Nord and Villepinte PMC Range Parc des Princes Stade Roland Garros Parc des Princes Stade Roland Garros Bercy Arena Bercy Arena Champ de Mars Champ de Mars Paris expo Porte de Versailles Dôme de Paris Paris expo Porte de Versailles Dôme de Paris Le Bourget Media Village and Urban Sports Park Le Bourget Media Village and Urban Sports Park Concorde Concorde Arc de Triomphe Place Charles de Gaulle Arc de Triomphe Place Charles de Gaulle Grand Palais Grand Palais Les Invalides Les Invalides Stade de France Paris Aquatic Centre Stade de France Paris Aquatic Centre Porte de La Chapelle Arena Porte de La Chapelle Arena Paris La Défense Arena Paris La Défense Arena Stade Yves-du-Manoir Stade Yves-du-Manoir François Mitterrand Urban Sports Park François Mitterrand Urban Sports Park Location of the facilities in the Paris area Most of the Olympic events will be held in the city of Paris and its metropolitan region, including the neighbouring cities of Saint-Denis, Le Bourget, Nanterre, Versailles, and Vaires-sur-Marne. The handball tournaments will be held in Lille, which is 225 km (140 mi) from the host city; the sailing and some football games will be held in the Mediterranean city of Marseille, which is 777 km (483 mi) from the host city; meanwhile, the surfing events are expected to be held in Teahupo'o village in the overseas territory of French Polynesia, which is 15,716 km (9,765 mi) from the host city. Football will also be hosted in another five cities, which are Bordeaux, Décines-Charpieu, Nantes, Nice and Saint-Étienne, some of which are home to Ligue 1 clubs. Grand Paris zone Stade de France with uncovered athletics track during the 2003 World Championships Paris Aquatic Centre Porte de La Chapelle Arena Venue Events Capacity Status Yves du Manoir Stadium Field hockey 15,000 Renovated Stade de France Rugby Sevens 77,083 Existing Athletics (track and field) Closing Ceremony Paris La Défense Arena[a] Aquatics (swimming, water polo finals) 15,220 Porte de La Chapelle Arena Badminton 8,000 Additional Gymnastics (rhythmic) Paris Aquatic Centre[21][22] Aquatics (water polo preliminaries and playoffs, diving, artistic swimming) 5,000 Le Bourget Climbing Venue Sport climbing 5,000 Temporary Arena Paris Nord Boxing (preliminaries, quarterfinals) 6,000 Existing Modern pentathlon (fencing rounds) Notes The local organising committee uses the non-sponsored name Arena 92, which was the venue's name during its initial planning phase. By the time it opened in 2017, the name had changed to U Arena (also non-sponsored) and then to the current Paris-La Défense Arena in 2018 through a sponsorship deal. Paris Centre zone Champ de Mars Grand Palais Les Invalides Parc des Princes Stade Roland Garros Venue Events Capacity Status Parc des Princes Football (preliminaries and finals) 48,583 Existing Roland Garros Stadium Tennis 34,000 Boxing (finals) Philippe Chatrier Court (with retractable roof) Boxing 15,000 Tennis Court Suzanne Lenglen (with retractable roof)[23] Tennis 10,000 Court Simonne Mathieu and secondary courts 9,000 (5,000+2,000+8x250) Paris Expo Porte de Versailles Volleyball 12,000 Table Tennis 6,000 Handball (preliminaries) 6,000 Weightlifting Bercy Arena Gymnastics (artistic and trampoline) 15,000 Basketball (finals) Grand Palais Fencing 8,000 Taekwondo Place de la Concorde Basketball (3x3) 30,000 Temporary Breakdancing Cycling (BMX freestyle) Skateboarding Pont d'Iéna Aquatics (marathon swimming) 13,000 (3,000 sitting) Athletics (marathon, race walk) Cycling (road, time trial) Triathlon Eiffel Tower Stadium (Champ de Mars) Beach Volleyball 12,000 Grand Palais Éphémère Judo 8,000 Wrestling Les Invalides Archery 8,000 Versailles zone Le Golf National Vélodrome de Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines Château de Versailles Vaires-Torcy Nautical Centre Venue Events Capacity Status Gardens of the Palace of Versailles Equestrian 80,000 (22,000 + 58,000) Temporary Modern pentathlon (excluding fencing rounds) Le Golf National Golf 35,000 Existing Élancourt Hill Cycling (Mountain biking) 25,000 Vélodrome de Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines Cycling (track) 5,000 Cycling (BMX racing) 5,000 Outlying venues Parc Olympique Lyonnais Marseille Venue Events Capacity Status Pierre Mauroy Stadium (Lille) Basketball (preliminaries) 26,000 Existing Handball (finals) National Olympic Nautical Stadium of Île-de-France (Vaires-sur-Marne) Rowing 22,000 Canoe-Kayak (sprint) Canoe-Kayak (slalom) Stade Vélodrome (Marseille) Football (6 preliminaries, women's quarter-final and one men's semi-final) 67,394 Parc Olympique Lyonnais (Lyon) Football (6 preliminaries, men's quarter-final and one women's semi-final) 59,186 Stade Matmut Atlantique (Bordeaux) Football (6 preliminaries, women's quarter-final, men's bronze medal match) 42,115 Stade Geoffroy-Guichard (Saint-Étienne) Football (6 preliminaries, men's quarter-final, women's bronze medal match) 41,965 Allianz Riviera (Nice) Football (6 preliminaries, quarterfinals) 35,624 Stade de la Beaujoire (Nantes) Football (6 preliminaries, quarterfinals) 35,322 Old Port of Marseille (Marseille) Sailing 5,000 Taiarapu-Ouest (Tahiti) Surfing 5,000 National Shooting Centre (Châteauroux) Shooting 3,000 Non-competitive Venue Events Capacity Status Jardins du Trocadéro and River Seine Opening Ceremony 330,000 (30,000 + 300,000) Temporary L'Île-Saint-Denis Olympic Village 18,000 Additional Parc de l'Aire des Vents, Dugny Media Village – Temporary Le Bourget Exhibition Centre and Media Village IBC 15,000 Existing Paris Congress Centre MPC – Medals Paris 2024 president Tony Estanguet unveiled the Olympic and Paralympic medals for the Games in February 2024, which on the obverse featured embedded hexagon-shaped tokens of scrap iron that had been taken from the original construction of the Eiffel Tower, with the Games logo engraved into it.[24] Approximately 5,084 medals would be produced by the French mint Monnaie de Paris, and were designed by Chaumet, a luxury jewellery firm based in Paris.[25] The reverse of the medals features Nike, the Greek goddess of victory, inside the Panathenaic Stadium which hosted the first modern Olympics in 1896. Parthenon and the Eiffel Tower can also be seen in the background on both sides of the medal.[26] Each medal weighs 455–529 g (16–19 oz), has a diameter of 85 mm (3.3 in) and is 9.2 mm (0.36 in) thick.[27] The gold medals are made with 98.8 percent silver and 1.13 percent gold, while the bronze medals are made up with copper, zinc, and tin.[28] Security France reached an agreement with Europol and the UK Home Office to help strengthen security and "facilitate operational information exchange" and "international law enforcement cooperation" during the Games.[29] Within the agreements, it was planned to deploy more drones and sea barriers to prevent small boats from crossing the channel illegally.[30] Police in Paris held inspections and rehearsals within their bomb disposal unit before the Games, similar to their preparations for the 2023 Rugby World Cup at the Stade de France.[31] French president Emmanuel Macron stated France were prepared to switch the location of the opening ceremony depending on the security situation.[32] As a part of Qatar's Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani visit to France, several agreements were signed between two nations to enhance security for the Summer Olympic Games in Paris in 2024.[33] Volunteers The Paris 2024 volunteer platform for the Olympic and Paralympic Games was opened to the public in March 2023. There were expected to be 45,000 volunteers recruited worldwide for the Games.[34] Following the end of registration on 3 May 2023, over 300,000 applications had been submitted to the Paris Organizing Committee, exceeding the number of applicants for the previous two Olympics.[35] Applicants were notified of the outcome of their application between September and December 2023.[36] Ceremonies A viewing party for the 2020 Summer Olympics at Place du Trocadéro, which will host the official protocol for 2024. In July 2021, Paris 2024 president Tony Estanguet stated that the COJOP2024 was conducting a feasibility study on hosting the opening and closing ceremonies outside of a traditional stadium setting, so that they could "marry the best of Paris–the iconic sites–to the possibility of engaging with hundreds of thousands of people, maybe more."[37] This concept of an "open Games" was exemplified in the Paris 2024 handover presentation during the Tokyo 2020 closing ceremony,[37] which featured a live segment from a viewing party at Place du Trocadéro.[38] Estanguet expected the sites for the ceremonies to be announced by the end of the year.[37] On 13 December 2021, it was announced that the opening ceremony will feature athletes being transported by boat from Pont d'Austerlitz to Pont d'Iéna along the Seine river. The 6-kilometre (3.7-mile) route will pass landmarks such as the Louvre, Notre-Dame de Paris, and Place de la Concorde, and feature cultural presentations. The official protocol will take place at a 30,000 seat "mini-stadium" at the Trocadéro. Organisers stated that the ceremony would be the most "spectacular and accessible opening ceremony in Olympic history", with Estanguet stating that it would be free to attend, and estimating that it could attract as many as 600,000 spectators. Thus, the Games will return to its full spectator capacity after the 2020 Games in Tokyo were held mostly behind closed doors as a precaution against the COVID-19 pandemic.[39][40][41][42] In January 2024 organizers announced attendence would be closer to 300,000, with 220,000 free tickets distributed due to security concerns. [43] On 23 September 2022, it was announced that the closing ceremonies would be conducted the traditional way, as they will take place at Stade de France.[44] On 8 March 2024, the organizing committee announced that the opening ceremony would start at 7:30 PM (CEST, GMT+2), to enhance the ceremony, with Paris 2024 president Tony Estanguet saying, "We are delighted to launch an Opening Ceremony that beautifully illustrates the intersection between sport and the city. The natural light of the setting sun will add a truly poetic dimension to the event, inviting both athletes and the public to appreciate the natural beauty of the City of Lights."[45] On 19 March 2024 the International Olympic Committee announced that Russian and Belarusian athletes will not take part in the opening ceremony.[46][47] The Games Sports In accordance with the current rules of the International Olympic Committee, which have been in force since 2017, the program of the Summer Olympics consists of 28 mandatory "core" sports that persist between Games and a maximum of six optional sports that can be added for each edition of the Games. The optional sports are selected by the relevant Organising Committee, and included in a list that must be sent to the International Olympic Committee not less than five years before each edition in order to improve local interest,[48][49] provided that the total number of participants does not exceed 10,500 athletes.[50] During the 131st IOC Session in September 2017, the IOC approved the 28 sports of the 2016 program for Paris 2024, while also inviting the Paris Organising Committee to submit up to five additional sports for consideration.[51][52] When Paris was bidding for the Games in August 2017, the Paris Organising Committee announced that it would hold talks with the IOC and professional esports organisations about the possibility of introducing competitive events in 2024.[53][54] In July 2018, the IOC confirmed that it would not consider esports for the 2024 Olympics.[55] On 21 February 2019, the Paris Organising Committee proposed the inclusion of breakdancing (breaking), along with skateboarding, sport climbing, and surfing - three sports that debuted at the then-upcoming 2020 Summer Olympics - as optional sports.[56][57][55] All four additional sports were approved during the 134th IOC Session in Lausanne, Switzerland, on 24 June 2019.[57][55][58] Scheduled to feature 32 sports encompassing 329 events, Paris 2024 will be the first Summer Olympics since 1960 to have fewer events than the previous edition. In the table below, the number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. The disciplines of karate and baseball/softball have both been removed from the program since 2020, with the loss of 10 events in total, while four events have been dropped from the weightlifting discipline. In canoeing, two sprint events have been replaced with two slalom events, keeping the overall total at 16. Introduced as a new discipline, breaking has added two events to the program, while in sport climbing, the previous "combined" event has been split up to create the separate events of "speed climbing" and "boulder-and-lead" for each gender.[59] In February 2023, USA Boxing announced its decision to boycott the 2023 World Championships (organized by the International Boxing Association) where Russian and Belarusian athletes would compete with no restrictions, also accusing the IBA of attempting to sabotage IOC-approved qualification pathway for the 2024 Summer Olympics: Poland, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Ireland, the Czech Republic, Sweden and Canada later joined the U.S.[60] 2024 Summer Olympic Sports program Aquatics Artistic swimming (2) Diving (8) Marathon swimming (2) Swimming (35) Water polo (2) Archery (5) Athletics (48) Badminton (5) Basketball Basketball (2) 3×3 basketball (2) Boxing (13) Breaking (2) Canoeing Slalom (6) Sprint (10) Cycling BMX freestyle (2) BMX racing (2) Mountain biking (2) Road (4) Track (12) Equestrian Dressage (2) Eventing (2) Jumping (2) Fencing (12) Field hockey (2) Football (2) Golf (2) Gymnastics Artistic (14) Rhythmic (2) Trampoline (2) Handball (2) Judo (15) Modern pentathlon (2) Rowing (14) Rugby sevens (2) Sailing (10) Shooting (15) Skateboarding (4) Sport climbing (4) Surfing (2) Table tennis (5) Taekwondo (8) Tennis (5) Triathlon (3) Volleyball Volleyball (2) Beach volleyball (2) Weightlifting (10) Wrestling Freestyle (12) Greco-Roman (6) Participating National Olympic Committees The following is a list of National Olympic Committees who have qualified at least one athlete for the 2024 Summer Olympics. Participating National Olympic Committees Albania (2) Algeria (23) Andorra (1) Angola (20) [A] Antigua and Barbuda (1) Argentina (98) Armenia (7) Aruba (3) Australia (353) Austria (38) Azerbaijan (10) Bahamas (3) Bahrain (9) Barbados (1) Belgium (89) Bermuda (2) Bolivia (1) Bosnia and Herzegovina (1) Botswana (5) Brazil (167) British Virgin Islands (1) Bulgaria (21) Burkina Faso (5) Cameroon (1) Canada (180) Cayman Islands (2) Chad (2) Chile (17) China (266) Colombia (43) Cook Islands (1) Costa Rica (3) Croatia (53) Cuba (30) Cyprus (3) Czech Republic (39) Democratic Republic of the Congo (1) Denmark (65) Djibouti (1) Dominica (1) Dominican Republic (38) Ecuador (21) Egypt (97) Eritrea (6) Estonia (7) Ethiopia (30) Fiji (26) Finland (18) France (456) (host) Gabon (1) The Gambia (2) Georgia (4) Germany (276) Great Britain (255) Greece (54) Grenada (2) Guatemala (10) Hong Kong (15) Honduras (1) Hungary (94) Iceland (1) India (58) Individual Neutral Athletes (18) Indonesia (7) Iran (16) Ireland (91) Israel (57) Italy (180) Ivory Coast (6) Jamaica (38) Japan (246) Jordan (6) Kazakhstan (25) Kenya (64) Kosovo (1) Kuwait (2) Kyrgyzstan (5) Latvia (5) Lebanon (2) Lesotho (1) Liberia (1) Libya (1) Lithuania (26) Luxembourg (6) Malaysia (5) Mali (18) Mauritius (5) Mexico (62) Moldova (8) Monaco (1) Mongolia (11) Montenegro (13) Morocco (44) Mozambique (2) Namibia (2) Netherlands (148) New Zealand (157) Niger (2) Nigeria (27) North Korea (5) Norway (71) Pakistan (4) Palestine (2) Panama (4) Paraguay (20) Peru (18) Philippines (6) Poland (106) Portugal (40) Puerto Rico (20) Qatar (6) Refugee Olympic Team (3) Romania (76) Rwanda (3) Saint Lucia (2) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1) Samoa (15) San Marino (1) Saudi Arabia (4) Senegal (4) Serbia (79) Singapore (10) Slovakia (14) Slovenia (41) South Africa (94) South Korea (78) South Sudan (12) Spain (254) Suriname (2) Sweden (66) Switzerland (57) Syria (1) Chinese Taipei (27) Tajikistan (4) Tanzania (4) Thailand (23) Togo (1) Trinidad and Tobago (2) Tunisia (19) Turkey (52) Uganda (15) Ukraine (71) United Arab Emirates (4) United States (486) Uruguay (17) Uzbekistan (24) Venezuela (13) Vietnam (5) Zambia (2) Zimbabwe (2) Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees As of 23 March 2024 Ranking NOC Athletes Calendar The following schedule is correct as of the latest schedule released in March 2024. The exact schedule can change up until the end of the games.[61] All times and dates use Central European Summer Time (UTC+2) OC Opening ceremony ● Event competitions 1 Gold medal events CC Closing ceremony July/August 2024 July August Events 24th Wed 25th Thu 26th Fri 27th Sat 28th Sun 29th Mon 30th Tue 31st Wed 1st Thu 2nd Fri 3rd Sat 4th Sun 5th Mon 6th Tue 7th Wed 8th Thu 9th Fri 10th Sat 11th Sun Ceremonies OC CC — Aquatics Artistic swimming ● ● 1 ● 1 2 Diving 1 1 1 1 ● 1 ● 1 1 1 8 Marathon swimming 1 1 2 Swimming 4 3 5 3 5 4 3 4 4 35 Water polo ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2 Archery ● 1 1 ● ● ● 1 1 1 5 Athletics 2 1 5 3 4 5 5 5 8 9 1 48 Badminton ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 1 2 5 Basketball Basketball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2 3×3 Basketball ● ● ● ● ● ● 2 2 Boxing ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 2 2 4 4 13 Breaking 1 1 2 Canoeing Slalom ● 1 1 ● 1 1 ● ● ● 2 6 Sprint ● ● 3 4 3 10 Cycling Road cycling 2 1 1 4 Track cycling 1 1 2 2 2 1 3 12 BMX ● 2 ● 2 4 Mountain biking 1 1 2 Equestrian Dressage ● ● 1 1 2 Eventing ● ● 2 2 Jumping ● 1 ● 1 2 Fencing 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 Field hockey ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2 Football ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2 Golf ● ● ● 1 ● ● ● 1 2 Gymnastics Artistic ● ● 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 14 Rhythmic ● 1 1 2 Trampoline 2 2 Handball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2 Judo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 15 Modern pentathlon ● ● 1 1 2 Rowing ● ● ● ● 2 4 4 4 14 Rugby sevens ● ● 1 ● ● 1 2 Sailing ● ● ● ● 2 2 ● ● ● 2 2 2 10 Shooting 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 15 Skateboarding 1 1 1 1 4 Sport climbing ● ● 1 1 1 1 4 Surfing ● ● ● ● 2 2 Table tennis ● ● ● 1 ● ● ● 1 1 ● ● ● ● 1 1 5 Taekwondo 2 2 2 2 8 Tennis ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 2 2 5 Triathlon 1 1 1 3 Volleyball Beach volleyball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2 Volleyball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2 Weightlifting 2 2 2 3 1 10 Wrestling ● 3 3 3 3 3 3 18 Daily medal events 14 13 18 12 19 18 23 27 20 18 15 21 25 34 39 13 329 Cumulative total 14 27 45 57 76 94 117 144 164 182 197 218 243 277 316 329 July/August 2024 24th Wed 25th Thu 26th Fri 27th Sat 28th Sun 29th Mon 30th Tue 31st Wed 1st Thu 2nd Fri 3rd Sat 4th Sun 5th Mon 6th Tue 7th Wed 8th Thu 9th Fri 10th Sat 11th Sun Total events July August Marketing Emblem The emblem for the 2024 Summer Olympics and Paralympics was unveiled on 21 October 2019 at the Grand Rex. Inspired by Art Deco,[62][63] it is a representation of Marianne, the national personification of France, with a flame formed in negative space by her hair. The emblem also resembles a gold medal. Tony Estanguet explained that the emblem symbolised "the power and the magic of the Games", and the Games being "for people". The use of a female figure also serves as an homage to the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, which were the first to allow women to participate.[64] The emblem was designed by the French designer Sylvain Boyer[65] with the French design agencies Ecobranding & Royalties.[66][67][65] The emblem for Paris 2024 was considered the biggest new logo release of 2019 by many design magazines.[68][69] An Opinion Way survey shows that 83 per cent of French people say they like the new Paris 2024 Games emblem. Approval ratings were high, with 82 per cent of those surveyed finding it aesthetically appealing and 78 per cent finding it to be creative.[70] It was met with some mockery on social media, one user commenting that the logo "would be better suited to a dating site or a hair salon".[64] For the first time, the 2024 Summer Paralympics is sharing the same emblem as its corresponding Olympics, with no difference, reflecting a shared "ambition" between both events.[71] Mascots The Olympic Phryge (left), the official mascot of the 2024 Summer Olympics, and the Paralympic Phryge (right), the official mascot of the 2024 Summer Paralympics. Note that the lighter variant of the French flag is being used. On 14 November 2022, The Phryges were unveiled as the mascots of the 2024 Summer Olympics and Paralympics; they are a pair of anthropomorphic Phrygian caps, a historic French symbol of freedom and liberty.[72][73] Marianne is commonly depicted wearing the Phrygian cap, including in the Eugène Delacroix painting, Liberty Leading the People.[74][75] The two mascots share a motto of "Alone we go faster, but together we go further".[76] Poster The Olympic poster for these games was revealed on 4 March 2024. Designed by Uga Gattoni, the poster uses a diptych design, with one half representing the Olympics and the other half representing the Paralympics. For the first time, the Olympic poster and Paralympic poster were designed together, as each one can work independently as halves, or be combined into one poster all together. The posters took 2,000 hours, across six months to complete.[77][78] Corporate sponsorship Belgian beverage company AB InBev became the first Worldwide Olympic Partner during the Games.[79] Sponsors of the 2024 Summer Olympics [80] Worldwide Olympic Partners AB InBev (Corona Cero)[81] Airbnb Alibaba Group Allianz Atos Bridgestone Coca-Cola-Mengniu Dairy Deloitte Intel Omega SA Panasonic Procter & Gamble Samsung Electronics Toyota Visa Inc. Premium Partners Accor Carrefour EDF[82] Groupe BPCE LVMH Orange S.A.[83] Sanofi[84] Official Partners Air France–KLM (Air France) ArcelorMittal CDC Cisco[85] CMA CGM Danone Decathlon[86] FDJ GL events Groupe ADP Île-de-France Mobilités Le Coq Sportif PwC International Official Suppliers and Supporters ABEO Air Liquide Airweave Arena Group Carlsberg Group (Tourtel Twist) DXC Technology Egis Group Enedis ES Global Eviden Fitness Park Fnac Darty Gerflor Highfield Boats Hype Taxi La Poste Loxam Lyreco Mondo MTD Myrtha Pools Nestlé (Garden Gourmet) OnePlan Optic 2000 Randstad NV Rapiscan Systems RATP Group Re-uz RGS Events Rigby SCC Saint-Gobain Salesforce SEDIF SLX SNCF Sodexo Technogym Thermo Fisher Scientific Unilever (Miko) URW (Westfield) Vinci SA Viparis Broadcasting rights Main article: List of 2024 Summer Olympics broadcasters In France, domestic rights to the 2024 Summer Olympics are owned by Warner Bros. Discovery (formerly Discovery Inc.) via Eurosport, with free-to-air coverage sub-licensed to the country's public broadcaster France Télévisions.[87] Concerns and controversies Main article: Concerns and controversies at the 2024 Summer Olympics There were various issues that caused concerns and controversies related to the Olympics. See also flagFrance portal Olympic Games portal 2024 Summer Paralympics Olympic Games celebrated in France 1900 Summer Olympics – Paris 1924 Summer Olympics – Paris 1924 Winter Olympics – Chamonix 1968 Winter Olympics – Grenoble 1992 Winter Olympics – Albertville 2024 Summer Olympics – Paris List of IOC country codes Notes The local NOC is under sanctions imposed by the World Anti-Doping Agency for non-compliance; if the sanctions are not lifted by July 2024, their athletes would have to compete under a neutral name and flag. References "New Paris 2024 slogan "Games wide open" welcomed by IOC President". International Paralympic Committee. 25 July 2022. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022. "Le nouveau slogan de Paris 2024 "Ouvrons grand les Jeux" accueilli favorablement par le président du CIO" [Paris 2024's new slogan "Let's open up the Games" welcomed by the IOC President] (in French). International Paralympic Committee. 25 July 2022. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022. "Gender equality and youth at the heart of the Paris 2024 Olympic Sports program". www.olympics.com/. International Olympic Committee. 7 December 2020. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2020. "The 10,500-athlete quota set for Paris 2024, including new sports, will lead to an overall reduction in the number of athletes" "Stade de France". Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2022. Butler, Nick (7 February 2018). "Paris 2024 to start week earlier than planned after IOC approve date change". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2018. Keicha, Meshack (19 December 2020). "Kenya To Send Break Dancers To Paris For 2024 Olympic Games". Boxscore. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023. Dunbarap, Graham (10 March 2021). "Thomas Bach re-elected as IOC president until 2025". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 29 July 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022. Nussbaum, Ania (26 July 2022). "Macron's $8.5 Billion Olympics Is Already Facing Soaring Costs". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2023. Butler, Nick (24 February 2017). "Exclusive: IOC vow to "further adjust" candidature process after Budapest 2024 withdrawal". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017. "Five world-class cities in strong competition for Olympic Games 2024 – IOC to contribute USD 1.7 billion to the local organising committee" (Press release). Lausanne, Switzerland: International Olympic Committee. 16 September 2015. Archived from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015. "Rome 2024 Olympic bid collapses in acrimony". BBC News. 21 September 2016. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. "2024 Olympics: Budapest to drop bid to host Games". BBC Sport. 22 February 2017. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Mather, Victor (22 February 2017). "Budapest Withdraws Bid to Host 2024 Summer Olympics". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 July 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2017. Wharton, David (22 February 2017). "Budapest to withdraw bid for 2024 Olympics, leaving L.A. and Paris as only contenders". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2017. "Meeting of the IOC Executive Board in Lausanne – Information for the media". Olympic.org. 19 May 2017. Archived from the original on 22 June 2017. "IOC Executive Board approve joint awarding plans for 2024 and 2028 Olympics". Inside the Games. 9 June 2017. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2023. Livingstone, Robert (12 July 2017). "Bach Says Paris and LA Mayors Are 'Optimistic' About Agreement After Initial Discussions - GamesBids.com". gamesbids.com. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2023. "Los Angeles Declares Candidature for Olympic Games 2028- IOC to Contribute USD 1.8Billion to the Local Organising Committee". IOC. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017. Wharton, David (31 July 2017). "Los Angeles makes deal to host 2028 Summer Olympics". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 22 September 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017. "Paris set to host 2024 Olympics, Los Angeles to be awarded 2028 Games by IOC". ABC News. 31 July 2017. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2017. "JO de Paris 2024 : voici à quoi ressemblera le futur centre aquatique de Saint-Denis" [Paris 2024 Olympics: this is what the future aquatic centre in Saint-Denis will look like]. leparisien.fr (in French). 29 April 2020. Archived from the original on 22 October 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2020. Levy, Theo (29 August 2022). "The Aquatics Centre : an Olympic Class Complex for the People of Seine Saint Denis". Paris 2024. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022. "Roland-Garros 2024: A retractable roof on Court Suzanne-Lenglen". Roland-Garros. 1 June 2021. Archived from the original on 22 October 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2021. "Paris 2024: Eiffel Tower metal in Olympics and Paralympics medals". BBC Sport. 8 February 2024. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024. Theissen, Marion (8 February 2024). "Paris 2024: the Olympic and Paralympic medals have been revealed". Olympics. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024. "Paris Olympic and Paralympic medals will contain chunks of Eiffel Tower". The Guardian. Reuters. 8 February 2024. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024. "Paris 2024: First look at Olympic and Paralympic medals featuring chunks of Eiffel Tower". Sky News. 8 February 2024. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024. "Paris 2024 unveils Paralympic and Olympic Games medals". Paralympics. 8 February 2024. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024. "Olympics 2024 security topped up". Europol. 31 October 2023. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2024. Syal, Rajeev (30 January 2024). "British police and security services to help protect Paris Olympics". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024. "Paris police expect 2024 Olympics to be 'considerable challenge' for bomb disposal squad". France 24. 5 December 2023. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024. Ausloos, Manuel; Hummel, Tassilo (20 December 2023). Shumaker, Lisa (ed.). "France prepared to change plans on 2024 Olympics opening based on security". Reuters. Retrieved 9 February 2024. étrangères, Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires. "France and Qatar". France Diplomacy - Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 5 March 2024. "Paris 2024 Volunteer Programme: Timeline and application process revealed". Olympics. 18 October 2022. Archived from the original on 4 November 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2024. Berkeley, Geoff (5 May 2023). "Over 300,000 applications for 45,000 volunteer places at Paris 2024". Inside The Games. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2024. Matthews, Lyndsey (14 April 2023). "How to Apply to Volunteer at the Paris 2024 Olympics". AFAR. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2024. "Paris 2024 to reveal city-centre Opening Ceremony locations by "end of the year"". Inside the Games. 21 July 2021. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021. Berlinger, Joshua; Church, Ben; Sinnott, John; Lendon, Brad; Wagner, Meg (8 August 2021). "The Tokyo Olympics end with Closing Ceremony". CNN. Archived from the original on 10 August 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021. Pavitt, Michael (13 December 2021). "Paris 2024 confirms Seine will serve as venue for city centre Opening Ceremony". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021. Ingle, Sean (13 December 2021). "Paris 2024 Olympic organisers reveal audacious plans for opening ceremony". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2021. "Paris to hold 'most accessible' opening ceremony of 2024 Olympics on River Seine". France 24. 13 December 2021. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2021. Schneider, Angela; Oldham, Alan C; Baka, Richard (8 August 2023). "Expert insight: Will the Paris 2024 Olympics see a return to normalcy?". news.westernu.ca. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2024. "France downsizes Paris 2024 opening ceremony crowd to around 300,000 spectators". AP News. 31 January 2024. Archived from the original on 18 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024. "Paris tabs Jolly to direct '24 Olympic ceremonies". ESPN.com. Associated Press. 21 September 2022. Archived from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023. Daffunchio Picazo, Raúl (9 March 2024). "Paris 2024: Opening Ceremony to start at 19:30". Inside the Games. Retrieved 9 March 2024. "Paris 2024 Olympics: Russia & Belarus athletes will not be part of opening ceremony". BBC Sport. 19 March 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024. Daffunchio Picazo, Raúl (5 March 2024). "Paris 2024: Flag, anthem and rules for Individual Neutral Athletes approved". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024. Owen, David (19 July 2014). "Big changes to Olympic sports program on way after Agenda 2020 Summit". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2021. "Olympic Agenda 2020 Recommendations" (PDF). IOC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015. Iveson, Ali (10 August 2021). "ICC forms Olympic Working Group to prepare bid for Los Angeles 2028 inclusion". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 10 August 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021. "No Changes in Core Olympic Sports for Paris 2024". Around the Rings. 15 September 2017. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2023. "JO 2024 : les nouveaux sports seront connus en 2019" [2024 Olympics: The new sports will be announced in 2019] (in French). L'Equipe. 15 September 2017. Archived from the original on 16 September 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2023. "Paris Olympic bid committee is open to esports on 2024 Olympic program". ESPN. Associated Press. 8 August 2017. Archived from the original on 24 November 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017. Morris, Chris (9 August 2017). "Video Games May Be a Part of the 2024 Olympics". Fortune. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2023. Diamond, James (19 July 2018). "Two phase selection process confirmed for new Paris 2024 sports but esports will not be considered". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2018. "Olympic Games: Paris organisers propose breakdancing to IOC as a new sport for 2024". BBC Sport. 21 February 2019. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2019. "Olympic Games: Breakdancing takes step closer to Paris 2024 inclusion". BBC Sport. 25 June 2019. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2019. "Gender equality and youth at the heart of the Paris 2024 Olympic Sports program". International Olympic Committee. 7 December 2020. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023. "Paris 2024 Event program" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2020. Berkeley, Geoff (21 February 2023). "USA Boxing accuses IBA of trying to "sabotage" Olympic qualifiers". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2024. "OLYMPIC SCHEDULE". Retrieved 13 March 2024. Williams, Eliza (4 December 2019). "Trends of 2019: Branding". Creative Review. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020. Wharton, David (24 October 2019). "Is it an Olympic logo? Or a coquettish scamp?". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2019. "Olympic flame or dating ad? Paris 2024 logo divides opinion". BBC News. 22 October 2019. Archived from the original on 14 May 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2019. "Trends of 2019: Branding and logos". Creative Review. 3 December 2019. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020. "How Paris 2024 unveiled its new logo?". en24.news. 21 October 2019. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019. Lepeltier, Nicolas (21 October 2019). "Paris 2024 : le logo des Jeux Olympique's dévoilé" [Paris 2024: Olympic Games logo unveiled]. Le Monde.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2019. "Trends of 2019: Branding and logos". Creative Review. 3 December 2019. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020. Wong, Henry (6 December 2019). "The 10 biggest rebrands and logo designs of 2019". Design Week. Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2020. "83% of French People Approve of New Paris 2024 Games Emblem". Paris 2024. 24 October 2019. Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2021. Rowbottom, Mike (21 October 2019). "Paris 2024 unveil new shared Olympic and Paralympic Games emblem". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019. "Avec ses produits dérivés, Paris 2024 veut faire sauter la banque" [With its derivatives, Paris 2024 wants to break the bank]. francsjeux.com (in French). 29 October 2021. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2024. "Paris 2024 - The Mascots". Paris 2024. Archived from the original on 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023. "Phrygian cap symbolising French republic chosen as 2024 Paris Olympics mascot". France 24. 14 November 2022. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023. Paris 2024 vous présente les Phryges, les mascottes de Paris 2024 !, archived from the original on 28 July 2023, retrieved 28 July 2023 Belam, Martin (14 November 2022). "Meet the Phryges: Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic mascots unveiled". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2023. "Paris 2024 Iconic Posters". Paris 2024. Retrieved 4 March 2024. Muñana, Gustavo (5 March 2024). "'Surrealist' diptych poster for Paris 2024 Olympics". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024. Ramsay, George (31 January 2024). "Olympic sponsorship deal with beer company AB InBev criticized as 'cynical' and 'an odd pairing'". CNN. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024. "Paris 2024 Partners". Paris 2024. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2024. "International Olympic Committee and AB InBev announce Worldwide Olympic Partnership". International Olympic Committee. 12 January 2023. Archived from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024. Owen, David (19 November 2019). "EDF unveiled as Paris 2024 sponsor as Mayor criticises new IOC Airbnb deal". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2020. Morgan, Liam (1 October 2020). "Orange signs on as third premium partner of Paris 2024". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2020. Morgan, Liam (14 July 2021). "Paris 2024 signs Sanofi as top-tier sponsor for Olympics and Paralympics". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2021. Morgan, Liam (15 April 2021). "Paris 2024 signs Cisco as third official partner of Olympics and Paralympics". inside the Games. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2021. Palmer, Dan (17 July 2021). "Decathlon signs-up as Paris 2024 official partner". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2021. Keslassy, Elsa (23 April 2019). "France Televisions to Sub-License Olympic Games for Beijing 2022 and Paris 2024 From Discovery". Variety. Archived from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2019. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2024 Summer Olympics. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for 2024 Summer Olympics. "Paris 2024". Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee. Paris 2024 European Olympic Committees Summer Olympics Preceded by Tokyo XXXIII Olympiad Paris 2024 Succeeded by Los Angeles vte Olympic Games Olympic sports Olympism IOC Charter Olympic Congress IOC meetings International sports federations Medals Medal table All-time medal table youth Medal table leaders by Olympic Games Medalists youth Medal ties Incentives by country Stripped medals Olympic diploma Olive wreath Nations Summer Olympics Winter Olympics tropical nations country codes Host cities Bids youth Venues youth Olympic Stadium Ceremonies People who opened the Olympics Torch relays lighters of the Olympic cauldron Keepers of the Olympic flag Media Television Olympic Broadcasting Services Olympic Channel Social media Video games Symbols Flame Olympiad Oath Songs and anthems Hymn Emblem Poster Mascots Coins summer winter Pierre de Coubertin medal Olympic Cup Olympic Diploma of Merit Olympic Laurel Olympic Order Other Art competitions at the Olympics medalists Scandals and controversies antisemitism colonialism doping Deaths WWI WWII Participation of women Related Paralympic Games Continental African Asian European Pacific Pan-American Olympic Esports Series Deaflympics Special Olympics 1906 Intercalated Games Ancient Olympic Games Olympic Games Summer 1896 Athens 1900 Paris 1904 St. Louis 1908 London 1912 Stockholm 1916[a] 1920 Antwerp 1924 Paris 1928 Amsterdam 1932 Los Angeles 1936 Berlin 1940[b] 1944[b] 1948 London 1952 Helsinki 1956 Melbourne 1960 Rome 1964 Tokyo 1968 Mexico City 1972 Munich 1976 Montreal 1980 Moscow 1984 Los Angeles 1988 Seoul 1992 Barcelona 1996 Atlanta 2000 Sydney 2004 Athens 2008 Beijing 2012 London 2016 Rio de Janeiro 2020 Tokyo[c] 2024 Paris 2028 Los Angeles 2032 Brisbane 2036 Olympic rings Winter 1924 Chamonix 1928 St. Moritz 1932 Lake Placid 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1940[b] 1944[b] 1948 St. Moritz 1952 Oslo 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 1960 Squaw Valley 1964 Innsbruck 1968 Grenoble 1972 Sapporo 1976 Innsbruck 1980 Lake Placid 1984 Sarajevo 1988 Calgary 1992 Albertville 1994 Lillehammer 1998 Nagano 2002 Salt Lake City 2006 Turin 2010 Vancouver 2014 Sochi 2018 Pyeongchang 2022 Beijing 2026 Milan Cortina 2030 Youth Olympic Games Summer 2010 Singapore 2014 Nanjing 2018 Buenos Aires 2026 Dakar[d] 2030 Youth Olympic Games logo Winter 2012 Innsbruck 2016 Lillehammer 2020 Lausanne 2024 Gangwon 2028 Cancelled due to World War I Cancelled due to World War II Postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic Postponed to 2026 due to the COVID-19 pandemic Portal Category Commons vte Bids for the 2024 and 2028 Summer Olympic Games 131st Session of the International Olympic Committee (Lima, Peru) Elected cities Paris (2024) Los Angeles (2028) Cancelled bids Budapest Hamburg Rome Non-selected bids Berlin Boston Washington, D.C. vte Qualification for the 2024 Summer Olympics Archery Artistic swimming Athletics Badminton Basketball men women men's 3×3 women's 3×3 Boxing Breaking Canoeing Cycling Diving Equestrian Fencing Field hockey men women Football men women Golf Gymnastics Handball men women Judo Modern pentathlon Rowing Rugby sevens men women Sailing Shooting Skateboarding Sport climbing Surfing Swimming Table tennis Taekwondo Tennis Triathlon Volleyball indoor men indoor women beach men beach women Water polo men women Weightlifting Wrestling vte National Olympic Committees at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France Africa Algeria Angola Botswana Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Mali Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal South Africa South Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Americas Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Aruba Bahamas Barbados Bermuda Bolivia Brazil British Virgin Islands Canada Cayman Islands Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Dominica Ecuador Grenada Guatemala Honduras Jamaica Mexico Panama Paraguay Peru Puerto Rico Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago United States Uruguay Venezuela Asia Bahrain China Hong Kong India Indonesia Iran Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Kuwait Lebanon Malaysia Mongolia North Korea Pakistan Palestine Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore South Korea Syria Chinese Taipei Tajikistan Thailand United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Europe Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Great Britain Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Kosovo Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine Oceania Australia Cook Islands Fiji New Zealand Samoa Other Individual Neutral Athletes Refugee Olympic Team vte Events at the 2024 Summer Olympics (Paris, France) Archery Artistic swimming Athletics Badminton Basketball Boxing Breaking Canoeing Cycling Diving Equestrian Fencing Field hockey Football Golf Gymnastics Handball Judo Modern pentathlon Rowing Rugby sevens Sailing Shooting Skateboarding Sport climbing Surfing Swimming Table tennis Taekwondo Tennis Triathlon Volleyball Water polo Weightlifting Wrestling Chronological summary Medal table List of medalists vte Venues of the 2024 Summer Olympics (Paris) Grand Paris Zone Stade de France Saint-Denis Paris Aquatic Centre (Parc des sports de Marville) Porte de La Chapelle Arena Le Bourget Paris La Défense Arena, Nanterre Stade Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes Le Zénith Paris Centre Zone Champ de Mars Eiffel Tower Champs-Élysées Grand Palais Éphémère Les Invalides Tuileries Garden Paris Expo Porte de Versailles Stade Roland Garros Court Philippe Chatrier Court Suzanne Lenglen Court Simonne-Mathieu Parc des Princes Accor Arena Seine Jardins du Trocadéro Versailles Zone Le Golf National Vélodrome National Palace of Versailles Élancourt Hill Stand-alone venues Vaires-sur-Marne Marseille Stade Pierre-Mauroy Teahupo'o Football stadia Stade Vélodrome Parc des Princes Parc Olympique Lyonnais Nouveau Stade de Bordeaux Stade de la Beaujoire Stade Geoffroy-Guichard Allianz Riviera Portals: Olympics flag France icon Modern history map Europe Categories: 2024 Summer Olympics2024 in French sport2024 in multi-sport events2024 in ParisSummer Olympics in ParisScheduled multi-sport eventsSummer Olympics by yearJuly 2024 sports events in FranceAugust 2024 sports events in France 100 metres Article Talk Read Edit View history Tools From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the 100 metres race. For lengths on the order of magnitude of 100 metres, see Orders of magnitude (length) § 1 hectometre. Athletics 100 metres Start of the men's 100 metres final at the 2012 Olympic Games in London World records Men Jamaica Usain Bolt 9.58 (2009) Women United States Florence Griffith-Joyner 10.49[a] (1988) Olympic records Men Jamaica Usain Bolt 9.63 (2012) Women Jamaica Elaine Thompson-Herah 10.61 (2021) World Championship records Men Jamaica Usain Bolt 9.58 (2009) Women United States Sha'Carri Richardson 10.65 (2023) Start (green) and end (red) points of a 100 metre race, marked on a running track Start (green) and end (red) points of a 100 metre race, marked on a running track The 100 metres, or 100-meter dash, is a sprint race in track and field competitions. The shortest common outdoor running distance, the 100-meter (109.36 yd) dash is one of the most popular and prestigious events in the sport of athletics. It has been contested at the Summer Olympics since 1896 for men and since 1928 for women. The inaugural World Championships were in 1983. Women's 100 m Final – 2015 World Championships, won by Jamaican sprinter Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce. The reigning 100 m Olympic or world champion is often named "the fastest man or woman in the world". Noah Lyles and Sha'Carri Richardson are the world champions; Marcell Jacobs and Elaine Thompson-Herah are the men's and women's Olympic champions. On an outdoor 400-metre running track, the 100 m is held on the home straight, with the start usually being set on an extension to make it a straight-line race. There are three instructions given to the runners immediately before and at the beginning of the race: "on your marks", "set", and the firing of the starter's pistol. The runners move to the starting blocks when they hear the 'on your marks' instruction. The following instruction, to adopt the 'set' position, allows them to adopt a more efficient starting posture and isometrically preload their muscles: this will help them to start faster. A race-official then fires the starter's pistol to signal the race beginning and the sprinters stride forwards from the blocks. Sprinters typically reach top speed after somewhere between 50 and 60 m. Their speed then slows towards the finish line. The 10-second barrier has historically been a barometer of fast men's performances, while the best female sprinters take eleven seconds or less to complete the race. The current men's world record is 9.58 seconds, set by Jamaica's Usain Bolt in 2009, while the women's world record is 10.49 seconds set by American Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988.[a] Race dynamics Start Male sprinters await the starter's instructions At the start, some athletes play psychological games such as trying to be last to the starting blocks.[3][4][5] At high level meets, the time between the gun and first kick against the starting block is measured electronically, via sensors built in the gun and the blocks. A reaction time less than 0.1 s is considered a false start. The 0.2-second interval accounts for the sum of the time it takes for the sound of the starter's pistol to reach the runners' ears, and the time they take to react to it. For many years a sprinter was disqualified if responsible for two false starts individually. However, this rule allowed some major races to be restarted so many times that the sprinters started to lose focus. The next iteration of the rule, introduced in February 2003, meant that one false start was allowed among the field, but anyone responsible for a subsequent false start was disqualified. This rule led to some sprinters deliberately false-starting to gain a psychological advantage: an individual with a slower reaction time might false-start, forcing the faster starters to wait and be sure of hearing the gun for the subsequent start, thereby losing some of their advantage. To avoid such abuse and to improve spectator enjoyment, the IAAF implemented a further change in the 2010 season – a false starting athlete now receives immediate disqualification.[6] This proposal was met with objections when first raised in 2005, on the grounds that it would not leave any room for innocent mistakes. Justin Gatlin commented, "Just a flinch or a leg cramp could cost you a year's worth of work."[7] The rule had a dramatic impact at the 2011 World Championships, when current world record holder Usain Bolt was disqualified.[8][9] Mid-race Runners usually reach their top speed just past the halfway point of the race and progressively decelerate to the finish. Maintaining that top speed for as long as possible is a primary focus of training for the 100 m.[10] Pacing and running tactics do not play a significant role in the 100 m, as success in the event depends more on pure athletic qualities and technique. Finish The winner, by IAAF Competition Rules, is determined by the first athlete with their torso (not including limbs, head, or neck) over the nearer edge of the finish line.[11] There is therefore no requirement for the entire body to cross the finish line. When the placing of the athletes is not obvious, a photo finish is used to distinguish which runner was first to cross the line. Climatic conditions See also: Wind assistance Climatic conditions, in particular air resistance, can affect performances in the 100 m. A strong head wind is very detrimental to performance, while a tail wind can improve performances significantly. For this reason, a maximum tail wind of 2.0 metres per second (4.5 mph) is allowed for a 100 m performance to be considered eligible for records, or "wind legal". Furthermore, sprint athletes perform a better run at high altitudes because of the thinner air, which provides less air resistance. In theory, the thinner air would also make breathing slightly more difficult (due to the partial pressure of oxygen being lower), but this difference is negligible for sprint distances where all the oxygen needed for the short dash is already in the muscles and bloodstream when the race starts. While there are no limitations on altitude, performances made at altitudes greater than 1000 m above sea level are marked with an "A".[12] 10-second barrier Main article: 10-second barrier The 10-second mark had been widely considered a barrier for the 100 metres in men's sprinting. The first man to break the 10 second barrier with automatic timing was Jim Hines at the 1968 Summer Olympics. Since then, over 180 sprinters have run faster than 10 seconds. Record performances Major 100 m races, such as at the Olympic Games, attract much attention, particularly when the world record is thought to be within reach. The men's world record has been improved upon twelve times since electronic timing became mandatory in 1977.[13] The current men's world record of 9.58 s is held by Usain Bolt of Jamaica, set at the 2009 World Athletics Championships final in Berlin, Germany on 16 August 2009, breaking his own previous world record by 0.11 s.[14] The current women's world record of 10.49 s was set by Florence Griffith-Joyner of the US, at the 1988 United States Olympic Trials in Indianapolis, Indiana, on 16 July 1988[15] breaking Evelyn Ashford's four-year-old world record by .27 seconds. The extraordinary nature of this result and those of several other sprinters in this race raised the possibility of a technical malfunction with the wind gauge which read at 0.0 m/s- a reading which was at complete odds to the windy conditions on the day with high wind speeds being recorded in all other sprints before and after this race as well as the parallel long jump runway at the time of the Griffith-Joyner performance. All scientific studies commissioned by the IAAF and independent organisations since have confirmed there was certainly an illegal tailwind of between 5 m/s – 7 m/s at the time. This should have annulled the legality of this result, although the IAAF has chosen not to take this course of action. The legitimate next best wind legal performance would therefore be Elaine Thompson-Herah's 10.54 second clocking in 2021 at the Prefontaine Classic. Griffith-Joyner's next best legal performance of 10.61 from 1988, would have her third on the all-time list behind Thompson-Herah and Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (10.60).[16] Some records have been marred by prohibited drug use – in particular, the scandal at the 1988 Summer Olympics when the winner, Canadian Ben Johnson was stripped of his medal and world record. Jim Hines, Ronnie Ray Smith and Charles Greene were the first to break the 10-second barrier in the 100 m, all on 20 June 1968, the Night of Speed. Hines also recorded the first legal electronically timed sub-10 second 100 m in winning the 100 metres at the 1968 Olympics. Bob Hayes ran a wind-assisted 9.91 seconds at the 1964 Olympics. Continental records Updated 29 July 2023[17] Area Men Women Time (s) Wind (m/s) Year Athlete Nation Time (s) Wind (m/s) Year Athlete Nation Africa (records) 9.77[A] +1.2 2021 Ferdinand Omanyala Kenya 10.72 +1.4 2022 Marie-Josée Ta Lou Ivory Coast Asia (records) 9.83 +0.9 2021 Su Bingtian China 10.79 0.0 1997 Li Xuemei China Europe (records) 9.80 +0.1 2021 Marcell Jacobs Italy 10.73 +2.0 1998 Christine Arron France North, Central America and Caribbean (records) 9.58 WR +0.9 2009 Usain Bolt Jamaica 10.49 WR 0.0[a] 1988 Florence Griffith-Joyner United States Oceania (records) 9.93 +1.8 2003 Patrick Johnson Australia 10.96 +2.0 2023 Zoe Hobbs New Zealand South America (records) 9.89 +0.8 2023 Issamade Asinga Suriname 10.91 −0.2 2017 Rosângela Santos Brazil Notes A Represents a time set at a high altitude. All-time top 25 men Usain Bolt breaking the world and Olympic records at the 2008 Beijing Olympics See also: 10-second barrier and Men's 100 metres world record progression As of September 2023[18][19] Ath.# Perf.# Time (s) Wind (m/s) Reaction (s) Athlete Nation Date Place Ref. 1 1 9.58 +0.9 0.146 Usain Bolt Jamaica 16 August 2009 Berlin [20][21] 2 9.63 +1.5 0.165 Bolt #2 5 August 2012 London [22] 3 9.69 ±0.0 0.165 Bolt #3 16 August 2008 Beijing [22] 2 3 9.69 +2.0 0.178 Tyson Gay United States 20 September 2009 Shanghai [23][24] −0.1 0.142 Yohan Blake Jamaica 23 August 2012 Lausanne [25][26] 6 9.71 +0.9 0.144 Gay #2 16 August 2009 Berlin [20][21] 7 9.72 +1.7 0.157 Bolt #4 31 May 2008 New York City [27] 4 7 9.72 +0.2 Asafa Powell Jamaica 2 September 2008 Lausanne [28] 9 9.74 +1.7 0.137 Powell #2 9 September 2007 Rieti [29] 5 9 9.74 +0.9 0.161 Justin Gatlin United States 15 May 2015 Doha [30][31] 11 9.75 +1.1 Blake #2 29 June 2012 Kingston +1.5 0.179 Blake #3 5 August 2012 London [22] +0.9 0.164 Gatlin #2 4 June 2015 Rome [32] +1.4 0.154 Gatlin #3 9 July 2015 Lausanne [33] 15 9.76 +1.8 Bolt #5 3 May 2008 Kingston +1.3 0.154 Bolt #6 16 September 2011 Brussels [34] −0.1 0.152 Bolt #7 31 May 2012 Rome [35] +1.4 0.146 Blake #4 30 August 2012 Zürich [36] 6 15 9.76 +0.6 0.128 Christian Coleman United States 28 September 2019 Doha [37][29] 9.76[A] +1.2 Trayvon Bromell United States 18 September 2021 Nairobi [38] 9.76 +1.4 Fred Kerley United States 24 June 2022 Eugene [39] 22 9.77 +1.6 0.150 Powell #3 14 June 2005 Athens [29] +1.5 0.145 Powell #4 11 June 2006 Gateshead [29] +1.0 0.148 Powell #5 18 August 2006 Zürich [29] +1.0 Gay #3 28 June 2008 Eugene −1.3 Bolt #8 5 September 2008 Brussels +0.9 Powell #6 7 September 2008 Rieti +0.4 Gay #4 10 July 2009 Rome −0.3 0.163 Bolt #9 11 August 2013 Moscow [40] +0.6 0.178 Gatlin #4 5 September 2014 Brussels [41] +0.9 0.153 Gatlin #5 23 August 2015 Beijing [42] +1.5 Bromell #2 5 June 2021 Miramar [43] 9 22 9.77[A] +1.2 Ferdinand Omanyala Kenya 18 September 2021 Nairobi [38] 22 9.77 +1.8 Kerley #2 24 June 2022 Eugene [44] 10 9.78 +0.9 Nesta Carter Jamaica 29 August 2010 Rieti [45] 11 9.79 +0.1 Maurice Greene United States 16 June 1999 Athens [46] 12 9.80 +1.3 Steve Mullings Jamaica 4 June 2011 Eugene [47] +0.1 Marcell Jacobs Italy 1 August 2021 Tokyo [48] 14 9.82 +1.7 Richard Thompson Trinidad and Tobago 21 June 2014 Port of Spain [49] 15 9.83 +0.9 Su Bingtian China 1 August 2021 Tokyo +0.9 Ronnie Baker United States 1 August 2021 Tokyo +1.3 0.150 Zharnel Hughes Great Britain 24 June 2023 New York City [50] ±0.0 0.145 Noah Lyles United States 20 August 2023 Budapest [51] 19 9.84 +0.7 Donovan Bailey Canada 27 July 1996 Atlanta +0.2 Bruny Surin Canada 22 August 1999 Seville +1.2 Akani Simbine South Africa 6 July 2021 Székesfehérvár [52] 22 9.85 +1.2 Leroy Burrell United States 6 July 1994 Lausanne [53] +1.7 Olusoji Fasuba Nigeria 12 May 2006 Doha +1.3 Mike Rodgers United States 4 June 2011 Eugene +1.5 Marvin Bracy United States 5 June 2021 Miramar [43] +0.4 Kishane Thompson Jamaica 2 September 2023 Xiamen [54] Assisted marks Any performance with a following wind of more than 2.0 metres per second is not counted for record purposes. Below is a list of wind-assisted times (equal or superior to 9.80). Only times that are superior to legal bests are shown: Justin Gatlin ran 9.45 (+20 m/s) in 2011 on the Japanese TV show Kasupe! assisted by wind machines blowing at speeds over 25 metres per second.[55] Due to the nature of the performance, World Athletics has not recognized it as a legitimate clocking. Tyson Gay (USA) ran 9.68 (+4.1 m/s) during the U.S. Olympic Trials in Eugene, Oregon on 29 June 2008.[56] Obadele Thompson (BAR) ran 9.69 (+5.7 m/s) at high altitude in El Paso, Texas on 13 April 1996, which stood as the fastest ever 100 metres time for 12 years. Andre De Grasse (CAN) ran 9.69 (+4.8 m/s) during the Diamond League in Stockholm on 18 June 2017,[57] 9.74 (+2.9 m/s) during the Diamond League in Eugene, Oregon on 21 August 2021, and 9.75 (+2.7 m/s) during the NCAA Outdoor Track and Field Championships in Eugene, Oregon on 12 June 2015. Richard Thompson (TTO) ran 9.74 (+5.0 m/s) in Clermont, Florida on 31 May 2014. Darvis Patton (USA) ran 9.75 (+4.3 m/s) in Austin, Texas on 30 March 2013. Trayvon Bromell (USA) ran 9.75 (+2.1 m/s) in Jacksonville, Florida on 30 April 2022, 9.76 (+3.7 m/s) in Eugene, Oregon on 26 June 2015, and 9.77 (+4.2 m/s) in Lubbock, Texas on 18 May 2014. Churandy Martina (AHO) ran 9.76 (+6.1 m/s) at high altitude in El Paso, Texas on 13 May 2006. Carl Lewis (USA) ran 9.78 (+5.2 m/s) during the U.S. Olympic Trials in Indianapolis, Indiana on 16 July 1988 and 9.80 (+4.3 m/s) during the World Championships in Tokyo on 24 August 1991. Maurice Greene (USA) ran 9.78 (+3.7 m/s) in Eugene, Oregon on 31 May 2004. Ronnie Baker (USA) ran 9.78 (+2.4 m/s) during the Diamond League in Eugene, Oregon on 26 May 2018. Fred Kerley (USA) ran 9.78 (+2.9 m/s) during the Diamond League in Eugene, Oregon on 21 August 2021. Andre Cason (USA) ran 9.79 (+5.3 m/s) and (+4.5 m/s) in Eugene, Oregon on 16 June 1993. Favour Ashe (NGR) ran 9.79 (+3.0 m/s) in Baton Rouge, Louisiana on 30 April 2022. Walter Dix (USA) ran 9.80 (+4.1 m/s) during the U.S. Olympic Trials in Eugene, Oregon on 29 June 2008. Mike Rodgers (USA) ran 9.80 (+2.7 m/s) in Eugene, Oregon on 31 May 2014 and 9.80 (+2.4 m/s) in Sacramento, California on 27 June 2014. Terrance Laird (USA) ran 9.80 (+3.2 m/s) in College Station, Texas on 15 May 2021.[58] Marvin Bracy (USA) ran 9.80 (+2.9 m/s) in Montverde, Florida on 4 June 2022. Noah Lyles (USA) ran 9.80 (+4.4 m/s) in Devonshire, Bermuda on 21 May 2023. Annulled marks Tim Montgomery ran 9.78 (+2.0 m/s) in Paris on 14 September 2002, which was at the time ratified as a world record.[59] However, the record was rescinded in December 2005 following his indictment in the BALCO scandal on drug use and drug trafficking charges.[60] The time had stood as the world record until Asafa Powell first ran 9.77.[61] Ben Johnson ran 9.79 (+1.1 m/s) at the Olympics in Seoul on 24 September 1988, but he was disqualified after he tested positive for stanozolol after the race. He subsequently admitted to drug use between 1981 and 1988, and his time of 9.83 (+1.0 m/s) at the World Championships in Rome on 30 August 1987 was rescinded. All-time top 25 women Florence Griffith-Joyner of the U.S. is the world record holder. Elaine Thompson-Herah of Jamaica, the fastest woman alive and the second fastest woman of all time. Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce of Jamaica, the third fastest woman in history. See also: Women's 100 metres world record progression As of September 2023[62][63] Ath.# Perf.# Time (s) Wind (m/s) Reaction (s) Athlete Nation Date Place Ref. 1 1 10.49 ±0.0[a] Florence Griffith-Joyner United States 16 July 1988 Indianapolis 2 2 10.54 +0.9 0.150 Elaine Thompson-Herah Jamaica 21 August 2021 Eugene [64] 3 3 10.60 +1.7 0.151 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce Jamaica 26 August 2021 Lausanne [65][66] 4 10.61 +1.2 0.12 Griffith-Joyner #2 17 July 1988 Indianapolis [67] −0.6 0.150 Thompson-Herah #2 31 July 2021 Tokyo [68] 6 10.62 +1.0 0.107 Griffith-Joyner #3 24 September 1988 Seoul [69] +0.4 0.134 Fraser-Pryce #2 10 August 2022 Monaco [70] 8 10.63 +1.3 Fraser-Pryce #3 5 June 2021 Kingston [71][72] 4 9 10.64 +1.2 0.150 Carmelita Jeter United States 20 September 2009 Shanghai [73] 9 10.64 +1.7 0.154 Thompson-Herah #3 26 August 2021 Lausanne [65] 5 11 10.65[A] +1.1 0.183 Marion Jones United States 12 September 1998 Johannesburg [74] 11 10.65 +0.6 0.139 Thompson-Herah #4 9 September 2021 Zürich [75] −0.8 0.159 Fraser-Pryce #4 8 September 2022 Zürich [76][77] 5 11 10.65 +1.0 Shericka Jackson Jamaica 7 July 2023 Kingston [78] −0.2 0.156 Sha'Carri Richardson United States 21 August 2023 Budapest [79] 16 10.66 +0.5 0.152 Fraser-Pryce #5 6 August 2022 Chorzów [80][81] 17 10.67 −0.1 0.145 Jeter #2 13 September 2009 Thessaloniki [82] 10.67[A] −0.4 Fraser-Pryce #6 7 May 2022 Nairobi [83][84] 10.67 +0.5 0.137 Fraser-Pryce #7 18 June 2022 Paris [85][86] +0.8 0.137 Fraser-Pryce #8 17 July 2022 Eugene [87] +1.3 0.139 Fraser-Pryce #9 8 August 2022 Székesfehérvár [88][89] 22 10.70 +1.6 Griffith-Joyner #4 17 July 1988 Indianapolis −0.1 0.120 Jones #2 22 August 1999 Seville [90] +2.0 0.188 Jeter #3 4 June 2011 Eugene [91] +0.6 Fraser-Pryce #10 29 June 2012 Kingston [92] +0.3 Thompson-Herah #5 1 July 2016 Kingston [93] +1.1 Fraser-Pryce #11 23 June 2022 Kingston [94] +0.8 0.190 Jackson #2 16 September 2023 Eugene [95] 8 10.72 +0.4 Marie-Josée Ta Lou Ivory Coast 10 August 2022 Monaco [96] 9 10.73 +2.0 Christine Arron France 19 August 1998 Budapest 10 10.74 +1.3 Merlene Ottey Jamaica 7 September 1996 Milan +1.0 English Gardner United States 3 July 2016 Eugene [97] 12 10.75 +0.4 Kerron Stewart Jamaica 10 July 2009 Rome 13 10.76 +1.7 Evelyn Ashford United States 22 August 1984 Zürich +1.1 Veronica Campbell-Brown Jamaica 31 May 2011 Ostrava 15 10.77 +0.9 Irina Privalova Russia 6 July 1994 Lausanne +0.7 Ivet Lalova Bulgaria 19 June 2004 Plovdiv 17 10.78[A] +1.0 Dawn Sowell United States 3 June 1989 Provo 10.78 +1.8 Torri Edwards United States 28 June 2008 Eugene +1.6 Murielle Ahouré Ivory Coast 11 June 2016 Montverde [98] +1.0 Tianna Bartoletta United States 3 July 2016 Eugene +1.0 Tori Bowie United States 3 July 2016 Eugene 22 10.79 ±0.0 Li Xuemei China 18 October 1997 Shanghai −0.1 Inger Miller United States 22 August 1999 Seville +1.1 Blessing Okagbare Nigeria 27 July 2013 London 25 10.81 +1.7 Marlies Göhr East Germany 8 June 1983 Berlin −0.3 Dafne Schippers Netherlands 24 August 2015 Beijing [99] +1.7 Julien Alfred Saint Lucia 14 May 2022 Lubbock [100] +0.5 Aleia Hobbs United States 24 June 2022 Eugene [101] Assisted marks Any performance with a following wind of more than 2.0 metres per second is not counted for record purposes. Below is a list of wind-assisted times (equal or superior to 10.75). Only times that are superior to legal bests are shown: Assuming that the 10.49 run by Florence Griffith-Joyner was aided by a +6.0 m/s tailwind, her personal best is 10.61, she also ran 10.54 (+3.0 m/s) on 25 September 1988 at the Olympic Games and 10.60 (+3.2 m/s) during the U.S. Olympic Trials in Indianapolis, Indiana on 16 July 1988. Sha'Carri Richardson also ran 10.57 (+4.1 m/s) in Miramar, Florida on 8 April 2023. Brittany Brown (USA) ran 10.66 (+3.2 m/s) during the Michael Johnson Invitational in Waco, Texas on 24 April 2022. Melissa Jefferson (USA) ran 10.69 (+2.9 m/s) during the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships in Eugene, Oregon on 24 June 2022. Tori Bowie (USA) ran 10.72 (+3.2 m/s) during the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships in Eugene, Oregon on 26 June 2015 and 10.74 (+3.1 m/s) during the U.S. Olympic Trials in Eugene, Oregon on 3 July 2016. Tawanna Meadows (USA) ran 10.72 (+4.5 m/s) in Lubbock, Texas on 6 May 2017. Blessing Okagbare (NGR) ran 10.72 (+2.7 m/s) in Austin, Texas on 31 March 2018, and 10.75 (+2.2 m/s) in Eugene, Oregon on 1 June 2013. Julien Alfred (LCA) ran 10.72 (+2.4 m/s) in Gainesville, Florida on 14 April 2023 and 10.72 (+2.3 m/s) on 10 June 2023 in Austin, Texas. Aleia Hobbs (USA) ran 10.72 (+2.9 m/s) during the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships in Eugene, Oregon on 24 June 2022. Cambrea Sturgis ran 10.74 (+2.2 m/s) in Eugene, Oregon on 12 June 2021. Twanisha Terry (USA) ran 10.74 (+2.9 m/s) during the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships in Eugene, Oregon on 24 June 2022. Jenna Prandini (USA) ran 10.75 (+4.3 m/s) in Montverde, Florida on 4 June 2022. Notes: Sha'Carri Richardson ran 10.64 (+2.6 m/s) at the US Olympic trials in Eugene, Oregon on 19 June 2021, but her result was later nullified due to a positive test for cannabis. Season's bests Men Year Time Athlete Place 1972 10.07 Valeriy Borzov (URS) Munich 1973 10.15 Steve Williams (USA) Dakar 1974 9.9h Steve Williams (USA) Los Angeles 1975 10.05 Steve Riddick (USA) Zürich 1976 10.06 Hasely Crawford (TRI) Montreal 1977 9.98[A] Silvio Leonard (CUB) Guadalajara 1978 10.07 Clancy Edwards (USA) Eugene 10.07[A] Eddie Hart (USA) Colorado Springs 10.07 Steve Williams (USA) Zürich 1979 10.01[A] Pietro Mennea (ITA) Mexico City 1980 10.02 James Sanford (USA) Westwood 1981 10.00 Carl Lewis (USA) Dallas 1982 10.00 Carl Lewis (USA) Modesto 1983 9.93[A] Calvin Smith (USA) Colorado Springs 1984 9.96 Mel Lattany (USA) Athens 1985 9.98 Carl Lewis (USA) Modesto 1986 10.00 Chidi Imoh (NGR) Berlin 1987 9.93 Carl Lewis (USA) Rome 1988 9.92 Carl Lewis (USA) Seoul 1989 9.94 Leroy Burrell (USA) Houston 1990 9.96 Leroy Burrell (USA) Villeneuve d'Ascq 9.96[A] Sestriere 1991 9.86 Carl Lewis (USA) Tokyo 1992 9.93 Michael Marsh (USA) Walnut 1993 9.87 Linford Christie (GBR) Stuttgart 1994 9.85 Leroy Burrell (USA) Lausanne 1995 9.91 Donovan Bailey (CAN) Montreal 1996 9.84 Donovan Bailey (CAN) Atlanta 1997 9.86 Maurice Greene (USA) Athens 1998 9.86 Ato Boldon (TRI) Walnut Athens 1999 9.79 Maurice Greene (USA) Athens 2000 9.86 Maurice Greene (USA) Berlin 2001 9.82 Maurice Greene (USA) Edmonton 2002 9.89 Maurice Greene (USA) Rome 2003 9.93 Patrick Johnson (AUS) Mito 2004 9.85 Justin Gatlin (USA) Athens 2005 9.77 Asafa Powell (JAM) Athens 2006 9.77 Asafa Powell (JAM) Gateshead Zürich 2007 9.74 Asafa Powell (JAM) Rieti 2008 9.69 Usain Bolt (JAM) Beijing 2009 9.58 Usain Bolt (JAM) Berlin 2010 9.78 Tyson Gay (USA) London Nesta Carter (JAM) Rieti 2011 9.76 Usain Bolt (JAM) Brussels 2012 9.63 Usain Bolt (JAM) London 2013 9.77 Usain Bolt (JAM) Moscow 2014 9.77 Justin Gatlin (USA) Brussels 2015 9.74 Justin Gatlin (USA) Doha 2016 9.80 Justin Gatlin (USA) Eugene 2017 9.82 Christian Coleman (USA) Eugene 2018 9.79 Christian Coleman (USA) Brussels 2019 9.76 Christian Coleman (USA) Doha 2020 9.86 Michael Norman (USA) Fort Worth 2021 9.76[A] Trayvon Bromell (USA) Nairobi 2022 9.76 Fred Kerley (USA) Eugene 2023 9.83 Zharnel Hughes (GBR) New York City Noah Lyles (USA) Budapest Christian Coleman (USA) Xiamen Eugene Women Year Time Athlete Place 1972 11.07 Renate Stecher (GDR) Munich 1973 11.07 Renate Stecher (GDR) Dresden 1974 11.13 Irena Szewinska (POL) Rome 1975 11.13 Renate Stecher (GDR) Dresden 1976 11.01 Annegret Richter (FRG) Montreal 1977 10.88 Marlies Göhr (GDR) Dresden 1978 10.94 Marlies Göhr (GDR) Dresden 1979 10.97 Marlies Göhr (GDR) Dresden Evelyn Ashford (USA) Walnut 1980 10.93 Marlies Göhr (GDR) Dresden 1981 10.90[A] Evelyn Ashford (USA) Colorado Springs 1982 10.88 Marlies Göhr (GDR) Karl-Marx-Stadt 1983 10.79[A] Evelyn Ashford (USA) Colorado Springs 1984 10.76 Evelyn Ashford (USA) Zürich 1985 10.86 Marlies Göhr (GDR) Berlin 1986 10.88 Evelyn Ashford (USA) Rieti 1987 10.86 Anelia Nuneva (BUL) Belgrade Silke Möller (GDR) Potsdam 1988 10.49[a] Florence Griffith-Joyner (USA) Indianapolis 1989 10.78[A] Dawn Sowell (USA) Provo 1990 10.78 Merlene Ottey (JAM) Seville 1991 10.79 Merlene Ottey (JAM) Vigo 1992 10.80 Merlene Ottey (JAM) Salamanca 1993 10.82 Gail Devers (USA) Lausanne Stuttgart Merlene Ottey (JAM) Stuttgart 1994 10.77 Irina Privalova (RUS) Lausanne 1995 10.84 Gwen Torrence (USA) Gothenburg 1996 10.74 Merlene Ottey (JAM) Milan 1997 10.76 Marion Jones (USA) Brussels 1998 10.65[A] Marion Jones (USA) Johannesburg 1999 10.70 Marion Jones (USA) Seville 2000 10.78 Marion Jones (USA) London 2001 10.82 Zhanna Block (UKR) Edmonton 2002 10.91 Debbie Ferguson-McKenzie (BAH) Manchester 2003 10.86 Chryste Gaines (USA) Monaco 2004 10.77 Ivet Lalova (BUL) Plovdiv 2005 10.84 Chandra Sturrup (BAH) Lausanne 2006 10.82 Sherone Simpson (JAM) Kingston 2007 10.89 Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) Kingston 2008 10.78 Torri Edwards (USA) Eugene Shelly-Ann Fraser (JAM) Beijing 2009 10.64 Carmelita Jeter (USA) Shanghai 2010 10.78 Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) Eugene 2011 10.70 Carmelita Jeter (USA) Eugene 2012 10.70 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) Kingston 2013 10.71 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) Moscow 2014 10.80 Tori Bowie (USA) Monaco 2015 10.74 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) Saint-Denis 2016 10.70 Elaine Thompson (JAM) Kingston 2017 10.71 Elaine Thompson (JAM) Kingston 2018 10.85 Marie-Josée Ta Lou (CIV) Doha Dina Asher-Smith (GBR) Berlin 2019 10.71 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) Doha 2020 10.85 Elaine Thompson-Herah (JAM) Rome 2021 10.54 Elaine Thompson-Herah (JAM) Eugene 2022 10.62 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) Monaco 2023 10.65 Shericka Jackson (JAM) Kingston Sha'Carri Richardson (USA) Budapest Top 25 junior (under-20) men Updated July 2023[102] Rank Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Nation Date Place Age Ref 1 9.89 +0.8 Issamade Asinga Suriname 28 July 2023 São Paulo 18 years, 211 days [103] 2 9.91 A +0.8 Letsile Tebogo Botswana 2 August 2022 Cali 19 years, 60 days [104] 3 9.97 +1.8 Trayvon Bromell United States 13 June 2014 Eugene 18 years, 338 days [105] 4 9.99 +0.3 Bouwahjgie Nkrumie Jamaica 29 March 2023 Kingston 19 years, 41 days [106] 5 10.00 +1.6 Trentavis Friday United States 5 July 2014 Eugene 19 years, 30 days 6 10.01 +0.0 Darrel Brown Trinidad and Tobago 24 August 2003 Saint-Denis 18 years, 317 days +1.6 Jeff Demps United States 28 June 2008 Eugene 18 years, 172 days +0.9 Yoshihide Kiryu Japan 28 April 2013 Hiroshima 17 years, 134 days [107] 10.01 A +1.9 Renan Gallina Brazil 19 May 2023 Bogotá 19 years, 65 days [108] 10 10.03 +0.7 Marcus Rowland United States 31 July 2009 Port of Spain 19 years, 142 days +1.7 Lalu Muhammad Zohri Indonesia 19 May 2019 Osaka 18 years, 322 days [109] +0.6 Udodi Chudi Onwuzurike Nigeria 27 May 2022 Fayetteville 19 years, 124 days [110] 13 10.04 +1.7 D'Angelo Cherry United States 10 June 2009 Fayetteville 18 years, 313 days +0.2 Christophe Lemaitre France 24 July 2009 Novi Sad 19 years, 43 days +1.9 Abdullah Abkar Mohammed Saudi Arabia 15 April 2016 Norwalk 18 years, 319 days [111] -0.1 Erriyon Knighton United States 16 April 2022 Gainesville 18 years, 77 days [112] 17 10.05 NWI Davidson Ezinwa Nigeria 3 January 1990 Bauchi 18 years, 42 days +0.1 Adam Gemili Great Britain 11 July 2012 Barcelona 18 years, 279 days +0.6 Abdul Hakim Sani Brown Japan 24 June 2017 Osaka 18 years, 110 days [113] −0.6 4 August 2017 London 18 years, 151 days [114] 20 10.06 0.0 Sunday Emmanuel Nigeria 26 April 1997 Walnut 18 years, 200 days +2.0 Dwain Chambers Great Britain 25 July 1997 Ljubljana 19 years, 111 days +1.5 Walter Dix United States 7 May 2005 New York 19 years, 116 days +0.8 Shaun Maswanganyi South Africa 14 March 2020 Pretoria 19 years, 42 days [115] +2.0 Christian Miller United States 8 July 2023 Eugene 17 years, 53 days [116] 25 10.07 +2.0 Stanley Floyd United States 24 May 1980 Austin 18 years, 336 days +1.1 DaBryan Blanton United States 30 May 2003 Lincoln 18 years, 331 days +0.2 Tamunosiki Atorudibo Nigeria 8 July 2004 Abuja 19 years, 109 days +0.3 Jimmy Vicaut France 22 July 2011 Tallinn 19 years, 145 days +2.0 29 July 2011 Albi 19 years, 152 days Notes Trayvon Bromell's junior world record is also the age-18 world record. He also recorded the fastest wind-assisted (+4.2 m/s) time for a junior or age-18 athlete of 9.77 seconds on 18 May 2014 (age 18 years, 312 days).[117] Yoshihide Kiryu's time of 10.01 seconds matched the junior world record set by Darrel Brown and Jeff Demps, but was not ratified because of the type of wind gauge used.[118] British sprinter Mark Lewis-Francis recorded a time of 9.97 seconds on 4 August 2001 (age 18 years, 334 days), but the wind gauge malfunctioned.[119] Nigerian sprinter Davidson Ezinwa recorded a time of 10.05 seconds on 4 January 1990 (age 18 years, 43 days), but with no wind gauge.[120] Below is a list of all other legal times equal or superior to 10.06: Letsile Tebogo also ran 9.94 (2022), 9.96 (2022). Trayvon Bromell also ran 10.01 (2014), 10.02 (2014), 10.07 (2014). Bouwahjgie Nkrumie also ran 10.02 A (2022). Yoshihide Kiryu also ran 10.05 (2014). Adam Gemili also ran 10.06 (2012). Abdul Hakim Sani Brown also ran 10.06 (2×2017). Top 25 junior (under-20) women Updated January 2024[121] Rank Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Nation Date Place Age Ref 1 10.75 +1.6 Sha'Carri Richardson United States 8 June 2019 Austin 19 years, 75 days [122] 2 10.83 +0.6 Tamari Davis United States 30 July 2022 Memphis 19 years, 175 days [123] 3 10.88 +2.0 Marlies Göhr East Germany 1 July 1977 Dresden 19 years, 102 days 4 10.89 +1.8 Katrin Krabbe East Germany 20 July 1988 Berlin 18 years, 241 days +0.9 Shawnti Jackson United States 3 June 2023 Nashville 18 years, 32 days [124] 6 10.92 +1.0 Alana Reid Jamaica 29 March 2023 Kingston 18 years, 68 days [106] 7 10.95 A -0.1 Tina Clayton Jamaica 3 August 2022 Cali 17 years, 351 days [125] 8 10.97 +1.2 Briana Williams Jamaica 5 June 2021 Miramar 19 years, 76 days [126] 10.97 A +1.6 Christine Mboma Namibia 30 April 2022 Gaborone 18 years, 343 days [127] 10 10.98 +2.0 Candace Hill United States 20 June 2015 Shoreline 16 years, 129 days [128] 11 10.99 +0.9 Ángela Tenorio Ecuador 22 July 2015 Toronto 19 years, 176 days [129] +1.7 Twanisha Terry United States 21 April 2018 Torrance 19 years, 148 days [130] 13 11.00 +1.5 Mia Brahe-Pedersen United States 27 May 2023 Eugene 17 years, 180 days [131] 14 11.02 +1.8 Tamara Clark United States 12 May 2018 Knoxville 19 years, 123 days 15 11.03 +1.7 Silke Gladisch-Möller East Germany 8 June 1983 Berlin 18 years, 353 days +0.6 English Gardner United States 14 May 2011 Tucson 19 years, 22 days 17 11.04 +1.4 Angela Williams United States 5 June 1999 Boise 19 years, 126 days +1.6 Kiara Grant Jamaica 8 June 2019 Austin 18 years, 243 days [132] 19 11.06 +0.9 Khalifa St. Fort Trinidad and Tobago 24 June 2017 Port of Spain 19 years, 131 days [133] 20 11.07 +0.7 Bianca Knight United States 27 June 2008 Eugene 19 years, 177 days 21 11.08 +2.0 Brenda Morehead United States 21 June 1976 Eugene 18 years, 260 days 22 11.09 Angela Williams Trinidad and Tobago 14 April 1984 Nashville 18 years, 335 days +1.6 Ackera Nugent Jamaica 27 May 2021 Austin 19 years, 28 days 11.09 A +0.1 Tima Seikeseye Godbless Nigeria 2 August 2022 Cali 18 years, 19 days [134] 25 11.10 +0.9 Kaylin Whitney United States 5 July 2014 Eugene 16 years, 118 days +1.6 Torrie Lewis Australia 27 January 2024 Canberra 19 years, 19 days [135] Notes Briana Williams ran 10.94 s at the Jamaican Championships on 21 June 2019, which would have made her the fourth fastest junior female of all time.[136] However, she tested positive for the banned diuretic hydrochlorothiazide during the competition. She was determined to be not at fault and received no period of ineligibility to compete, but her results from the Jamaican Championships were nullified.[137][138][139] Below is a list of all other legal times equal or superior to 11.10: Tamari Davis also ran 10.91 (2022). Tina Clayton also ran 10.96 (2022) and 11.09 (2021) Briana Williams also ran 10.98 (2021), 11.00 (2021), 11.01 (2021), 11.02 (2019, 2021), 11.09 (2021) and 11.10 (2019). Sha'Carri Richardson also ran 10.99 (2×2019). Twanisha Terry also ran 11.03 (2018) and 11.08 (2018). Marlies Gohr also ran 11.07 (1977) and 11.10 (1977). Candace Hill also ran 11.07 (2016), 11.08 (2015) and 11.09 (2016). Silke Gladisch-Moeller also ran 11.08 (1983). Bianca Knight also ran 11.09 (2008). Ángela Tenorio also ran 11.09 (2×2015) and 11.10 (2015). Tina Clayton also ran 11.09 (2021). Top 25 Youth (under-18) boys Updated June 2023[140] Rank Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Country Date Place Age Ref 1 10.06 +2.0 Christian Miller United States 8 July 2023 Eugene 17 years, 53 days [116] +1.4 Puripol Boonson Thailand 30 September 2023 Hangzhou 17 years, 260 days [141] 3 10.15 +2.0 Anthony Schwartz United States 31 March 2017 Gainesville 16 years, 207 days [142] 4 10.16 −0.3 Erriyon Knighton United States 23 May 2021 Boston 17 years, 114 days [143] 5 10.19 +0.5 Yoshihide Kiryu Japan 3 November 2012 Fukuroi 16 years, 324 days 6 10.20 +1.4 Darryl Haraway United States 15 June 2014 Greensboro 17 years, 87 days +1.5 Tlotliso Leotlela South Africa 7 September 2015 Apia 17 years, 118 days [144] +2.0 Sachin Dennis Jamaica 23 March 2018 Kingston 15 years, 233 days [145] 9 10.22 +1.0 Abdul Hakim Sani Brown Japan 14 May 2016 Shanghai 17 years, 69 days 10 10.23 +0.8 Tamunosiki Atorudibo Nigeria 23 March 2002 Enugu 17 years, 2 days [citation needed] +1.2 Rynell Parson United States 21 June 2007 Indianapolis 16 years, 345 days 12 10.24 +0.0 Darrel Brown Trinidad and Tobago 14 April 2001 Bridgetown 16 years, 185 days 13 10.25 +1.5 J-Mee Samuels United States 11 July 2004 Knoxville 17 years, 52 days +1.6 Jeff Demps United States 1 August 2007 Knoxville 17 years, 205 days +0.9 Jhevaughn Matherson Jamaica 5 March 2016 Kingston 17 years, 7 days [146][failed verification] 16 10.26 +1.2 Deworski Odom United States 21 July 1994 Lisbon 17 years, 101 days −0.1 Sunday Emmanuel Nigeria 18 March 1995 Bauchi 16 years, 161 days +0.6 Teddy Wilson Great Britain 24 June 2023 Mannheim 16 years, 207 days [147] 19 10.27 +0.2 Henry Thomas United States 19 May 1984 Norwalk 16 years, 314 days [citation needed] +1.6 Curtis Johnson United States 30 June 1990 Fresno 16 years, 188 days +1.0 Ivory Williams United States 8 June 2002 Sacramento 17 years, 37 days −0.2 Jazeel Murphy Jamaica 23 April 2011 Montego Bay 17 years, 55 days +1.9 Raheem Chambers Jamaica 20 April 2014 Fort-de-France 16 years, 196 days [citation needed] +1.3 Jeff Erius France 16 July 2021 Tallinn 17 years, 130 days [148] +0.8 Sebastian Sultana Australia 29 October 2022[b] Sydney 17 years, 47 days Notes Below is a list of all other legal times equal or superior to 10.20: Puripol Boonson also ran 10.09 (2022), 10.12 (2022), 10.20 (2022). Top 20 Youth (under-18) girls Updated June 2023[149] Rank Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Nation Date Place Age Ref 1 10.98 +2.0 Candace Hill United States 20 June 2015 Shoreline 16 years, 129 days [128] 2 11.02 +0.8 Briana Williams Jamaica 8 June 2019 Albuquerque 17 years, 79 days 3 11.09 −0.6 Tina Clayton Jamaica 19 August 2021 Nairobi 17 years, 2 days 4 11.10 +0.9 Kaylin Whitney United States 5 July 2014 Eugene 16 years, 118 days [150] 5 11.11 +1.7 Adaejah Hodge British Virgin Islands 29 April 2023 Lubbock 17 years, 47 days [151] 6 11.13 +2.0 Chandra Cheeseborough United States 21 June 1976 Eugene 17 years, 163 days +1.6 Tamari Davis United States 9 June 2018 Montverde 15 years, 159 days 8 11.14 +1.7 Marion Jones United States 6 June 1992 Norwalk 16 years, 238 days −0.5 Angela Williams United States 21 June 1997 Edwardsville 17 years, 142 days 10 11.15 A -0.1 Shawnti Jackson United States 3 August 2022 Cali 17 years, 93 days [152] 11 11.16 +1.2 Gabrielle Mayo United States 22 June 2006 Indianapolis 17 years, 147 days +0.9 Kevona Davis Jamaica 23 March 2018 Kingston 16 years, 93 days +1.2 Kerrica Hill Jamaica 6 April 2022 Kingston 17 years, 31 days [153] 14 11.17 [A] +0.6 Wendy Vereen United States 3 July 1983 Colorado Springs 17 years, 70 days 15 11.19 0.0 Khalifa St. Fort Trinidad and Tobago 16 July 2015 Cali 17 years, 153 days 16 11.20 [A] +1.2 Raelene Boyle Australia 15 October 1968 Mexico City 17 years, 144 days 17 11.22 +1.2 Alana Reid Jamaica 6 April 2022 Kingston 17 years, 76 days 11.22 A +0.2 Viwe Jingqi South Africa 31 March 2022 Potchefstroom 17 years, 42 days 19 11.24 +1.2 Jeneba Tarmoh United States 22 June 2006 Indianapolis 16 years, 268 days +0.8 Jodie Williams Great Britain 31 May 2010 Bedford 16 years, 245 days Notes Briana Williams ran 10.94 s at the Jamaican Championships on 21 June 2019, which would have been a world under-18 best time.[136] However, she tested positive for the banned diuretic hydrochlorothiazide during the competition. She was determined to be not at fault and received no period of ineligibility to compete, but her results from the Jamaican Championships were nullified.[137][138][139] Below is a list of all other legal times equal or superior to 11.24: Briana Williams also ran 11.10 (2019), 11.11 (2019), 11.13 (2018), 11.21 (2018). Adaejah Hodge also ran 11.12 (2023). Tamari Davis also ran 11.15 (2020). Tina Clayton also ran 11.17. Kevona Davis also ran 11.24 (2017). 100 metres per age category This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The best performances by 5- to 19-year-old athletes Boys Age Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Date Place Age Ref 5 15.93 −2.1 United States Kai Sapp 8 June 2019 Henderson, United States 5 years, 355 days 6 14.30 +1.7 United States Willie Washington 24 July 2010 Durham, United States 6 years, 350 days 7 13.46 -1.7 6 August 2011 New Orleans, United States 7 years, 363 days 8 12.80 +0.5 29 July 2012 Baltimore, United States 8 years, 356 days 9 12.45 +1.1 3 August 2013 Ypsilanti, United States 9 years, 360 days 10 12.06 −0.4 United States Nyckoles Harbor 8 June 2016 Landover, United States 10 years, 339 days 11 11.86 +0.1 25 June 2017 Baltimore, United States 11 years, 355 days 12 11.16 +2.0 Japan Shingo Yamamoto 4 October 1998 12 years, 280 days 13 10.82 +1.2 Trinidad and Tobago Darrel Brown 10 July 1998 Georgetown, Guyana 13 years, 272 days 14 10.51 −0.7 Jamaica Sachin Dennis 31 March 2017 Kingston, Jamaica 14 years, 241 days 15 10.20 +2.0 23 March 2018 Kingston, Jamaica 15 years, 233 days 16 10.09 +0.7 Thailand Puripol Boonson 2 August 2022 Cali, Colombia 16 years, 201 days [154] 17 10.01 +2.0 Japan Yoshihide Kiryu 29 April 2013 Hiroshima, Japan 17 years, 135 days 18 9.97 +1.8 United States Trayvon Bromell 13 June 2014 Eugene, United States 18 years, 338 days 19 9.84 +1.3 25 June 2015 Eugene, United States 19 years, 350 days Girls Age Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Date Place Age 5 16.12 +1.6 United States Micahlena Cotton 9 July 2016 Orlando, United States 5 years, 362 days 6 14.89 0.0 United States Stacey Onyepunuka 6 July 2013 Mesa, United States 6 years, 261 days 7 13.97 −0.4 United States Payton Payne 25 July 2015 Durham, United States 7 years, 234 days 8 13.55 +1.5 United States Kharisma Watkins 1 June 2019 Miramar, United States 8 years, 343 days 9 12.67 +1.7 United States Payton Payne 9 July 2017 Greensboro, United States 9 years, 218 days 10 12.15 +0.5 26 July 2018 Greensboro, United States 10 years, 235 days 11 11.75 +1.6 28 July 2019 Sacramento, United States 11 years, 237 days 12 11.75 +1.6 28 July 2019 Sacramento, United States 11 years, 237 days 13 11.54 −1.2 Jamaica Tia Clayton 27 May 2018 Douglasville, United States 13 years, 283 days 14 11.27 +1.4 29 March 2019 Kingston, Jamaica 14 years, 224 days 15 11.13 +1.7 Jamaica Briana Williams 17 March 2018 Jacksonville, United States 15 years, 361 days +1.6 United States Tamari Davis 9 June 2018 Shoreline, United States 15 years, 114 days 16 10.98 +2.0 United States Candace Hill 20 June 2015 Shoreline, United States 16 years, 129 days 17 10.94 +0.6 Jamaica Briana Williams 21 June 2019 Kingston, Jamaica 17 years, 92 days 18 10.89 +1.8 East Germany Katrin Krabbe 20 July 1988 Berlin, East Germany 18 years, 241 days 19 10.75 +1.3 United States Sha'Carri Richardson 8 June 2019 Austin, United States 19 years, 75 days Para world records men Jason Smyth (in lane five) breaking the men's T13 world record at the 2012 Paralympic Games in London. Updated July 2023[155] Class Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Nationality Date Place Ref T11 10.82 +1.2 Athanasios Ghavelas Greece 2 September 2021 Tokyo [156] T12 10.37 +0.8 Salum Ageze Kashafali Norway 15 June 2023 Oslo [157] T13 10.46 +0.6 Jason Smyth Ireland 1 September 2012 London T32 23.25 0.0 Martin McDonagh Ireland 13 August 1999 Nottingham T33 16.46 +1.3 Ahmad Almutairi Kuwait 12 May 2015 Doha +1.0 3 June 2017 Nottwil T34 14.46 +0.6 Walid Ktila Tunisia 1 June 2019 Arbon T35 11.39 0.0 Dmitrii Safronov Russia 30 August 2021 Tokyo [158] T36 11.72 +0.7 James Turner Australia 10 November 2019 Dubai T37 10.95 +0.3 Nick Mayhugh United States 27 August 2021 Tokyo [159] T38 10.74 −0.3 Hu Jianwen China 13 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro [160] T42 12.04 –0.5 Anton Prokhorov Russia 30 August 2021 Tokyo [161] T43 vacant T44 11.00 +1.1 Mpumelelo Mhlongo South Africa 11 November 2019 Dubai T45 10.94 +0.2 Yohansson Nascimento Brazil 6 September 2012 London T46/47 10.29 +1.8 Petrucio Ferreira dos Santos Brazil 31 March 2022 São Paulo T51 19.32 +1.2 Roger Habsch Belgium 18 May 2023 Arbon [162] T52 16.41 +0.2 Raymond Martin United States 30 May 2019 Arbon T53 14.10 +0.7 Brent Lakatos Canada 27 May 2017 Arbon T54 13.63 +1.0 Leo-Pekka Tähti Finland 1 September 2012 London 13.63 –0.9 Athiwat Paeng-nuea Thailand 15 July 2023 Paris T61 12.73 +0.9 Ali Lacin Germany 3 July 2020 Berlin T62 10.54 +1.6 Johannes Floors Germany 10 November 2019 Dubai T63 11.95 +1.9 Vinicius Goncalves Rodrigues Brazil 25 April 2019 São Paulo T64 10.61 +1.4 Richard Browne United States 29 October 2015 Doha Para world records women Updated October 2023[163] Classification Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Nationality Date Place Ref T11 11.83 -0.4 Jerusa Geber Santos Brazil 25 March 2023 São Paulo [164] T12 11.40 +0.2 Omara Durand Cuba 9 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro [165] T13 11.79 +0.5 Leilia Adzhametova Ukraine 11 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro [166] T32 17.67 0.0 Lindsay Wright Great Britain 25 July 1997 Nottingham T33 19.89 +0.3 Shelby Watson Great Britain 26 May 2016 Nottwil T34 16.31 +1.1 Hannah Cockroft Great Britain 27 May 2023 Nottwil [167] T35 13.00 +1.2 Zhou Xia China 27 August 2021 Tokyo [168] T36 13.61 -0.6 Shi Yiting China 1 September 2021 Tokyo [169] T37 12.82 +1.0 Karen Palomeque Colombia 13 July 2023 Paris [170] T38 12.38 +1.0 Sophie Hahn Great Britain 12 November 2019 Dubai +0.4 28 August 2021 Tokyo [171] T42 14.64 +2.0 Karisma Evi Tiarani Indonesia 27 May 2022 Nottwil [172] T43 12.80 +1.0 Marlou van Rhijn Netherlands 29 October 2015 Doha [173] T44 12.72 +0.5 Irmgard Bensusan Germany 24 May 2019 Nottwil [174] 12.72 +1.8 Irmgard Bensusan Germany 21 June 2019 Leverkusen T45 14.00 0.0 Giselle Cole Canada 2 June 1980 Arnhem T46/47 11.89 −0.2 Brittni Mason United States 12 November 2019 Dubai [175] T51 24.69 −0.8 Cassie Mitchell United States 2 July 2016 Charlotte T52 18.33 +1.3 Tanja Henseler Switzerland 27 May 2023 Nottwil [176] T53 15.25 +1.2 Catherine Debrunner Switzerland 27 May 2023 Nottwil [177] T54 15.35 +1.9 Tatyana McFadden United States 5 June 2016 Indianapolis T61 14.95 +1.5 Vanessa Louw Australia 20 January 2020 Canberra T62 12.78 +1.0 Fleur Jong Netherlands 21 August 2020 Leverkusen T63 13.98 +0.6 Ambra Sabatini Italy 13 July 2023 Paris [178] T64 12.64 +1.6 Fleur Jong Netherlands 3 June 2021 Bydgoszcz [179] Olympic medalists Further information: 100 metres at the Olympics Men Games Gold Silver Bronze edit 1896 Athens details Thomas Burke United States Fritz Hofmann Germany Francis Lane United States Alajos Szokolyi Hungary 1900 Paris details Frank Jarvis United States Walter Tewksbury United States Stan Rowley Australia 1904 St. Louis details Archie Hahn United States Nathaniel Cartmell United States William Hogenson United States 1908 London details Reggie Walker South Africa James Rector United States Robert Kerr Canada 1912 Stockholm details Ralph Craig United States Alvah Meyer United States Donald Lippincott United States 1920 Antwerp details Charley Paddock United States Morris Kirksey United States Harry Edward Great Britain 1924 Paris details Harold Abrahams Great Britain Jackson Scholz United States Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt New Zealand 1928 Amsterdam details Percy Williams Canada Jack London Great Britain Georg Lammers Germany 1932 Los Angeles details Eddie Tolan United States Ralph Metcalfe United States Arthur Jonath Germany 1936 Berlin details Jesse Owens United States Ralph Metcalfe United States Tinus Osendarp Netherlands 1948 London details Harrison Dillard United States Barney Ewell United States Lloyd LaBeach Panama 1952 Helsinki details Lindy Remigino United States Herb McKenley Jamaica McDonald Bailey Great Britain 1956 Melbourne details Bobby Morrow United States Thane Baker United States Hector Hogan Australia 1960 Rome details Armin Hary United Team of Germany Dave Sime United States Peter Radford Great Britain 1964 Tokyo details Bob Hayes United States Enrique Figuerola Cuba Harry Jerome Canada 1968 Mexico City details Jim Hines United States Lennox Miller Jamaica Charles Greene United States 1972 Munich details Valeriy Borzov Soviet Union Robert Taylor United States Lennox Miller Jamaica 1976 Montreal details Hasely Crawford Trinidad and Tobago Don Quarrie Jamaica Valeriy Borzov Soviet Union 1980 Moscow details Allan Wells Great Britain Silvio Leonard Cuba Petar Petrov Bulgaria 1984 Los Angeles details Carl Lewis United States Sam Graddy United States Ben Johnson Canada 1988 Seoul details Carl Lewis United States Linford Christie Great Britain Calvin Smith United States 1992 Barcelona details Linford Christie Great Britain Frankie Fredericks Namibia Dennis Mitchell United States 1996 Atlanta details Donovan Bailey Canada Frankie Fredericks Namibia Ato Boldon Trinidad and Tobago 2000 Sydney details Maurice Greene United States Ato Boldon Trinidad and Tobago Obadele Thompson Barbados 2004 Athens details Justin Gatlin United States Francis Obikwelu Portugal Maurice Greene United States 2008 Beijing details Usain Bolt Jamaica Richard Thompson Trinidad and Tobago Walter Dix United States 2012 London details Usain Bolt Jamaica Yohan Blake Jamaica Justin Gatlin United States 2016 Rio details Usain Bolt Jamaica Justin Gatlin United States Andre De Grasse Canada 2020 Tokyo details Marcell Jacobs Italy Fred Kerley United States Andre De Grasse Canada Women Games Gold Silver Bronze edit 1928 Amsterdam details Betty Robinson United States Fanny Rosenfeld Canada Ethel Smith Canada 1932 Los Angeles details Stanisława Walasiewicz Poland Hilda Strike Canada Wilhelmina von Bremen United States 1936 Berlin details Helen Stephens United States Stanisława Walasiewicz Poland Käthe Krauß Germany 1948 London details Fanny Blankers-Koen Netherlands Dorothy Manley Great Britain Shirley Strickland Australia 1952 Helsinki details Marjorie Jackson Australia Daphne Hasenjager South Africa Shirley Strickland de la Hunty Australia 1956 Melbourne details Betty Cuthbert Australia Christa Stubnick United Team of Germany Marlene Matthews Australia 1960 Rome details Wilma Rudolph United States Dorothy Hyman Great Britain Giuseppina Leone Italy 1964 Tokyo details Wyomia Tyus United States Edith McGuire United States Ewa Kłobukowska Poland 1968 Mexico City details Wyomia Tyus United States Barbara Ferrell United States Irena Szewińska Poland 1972 Munich details Renate Stecher East Germany Raelene Boyle Australia Silvia Chivás Cuba 1976 Montreal details Annegret Richter West Germany Renate Stecher East Germany Inge Helten West Germany 1980 Moscow details Lyudmila Kondratyeva Soviet Union Marlies Göhr East Germany Ingrid Auerswald East Germany 1984 Los Angeles details Evelyn Ashford United States Alice Brown United States Merlene Ottey Jamaica 1988 Seoul details Florence Griffith-Joyner United States Evelyn Ashford United States Heike Drechsler East Germany 1992 Barcelona details Gail Devers United States Juliet Cuthbert Jamaica Irina Privalova Unified Team 1996 Atlanta details Gail Devers United States Merlene Ottey Jamaica Gwen Torrence United States 2000 Sydney details Vacant[180] Ekaterini Thanou Greece Merlene Ottey Jamaica Tayna Lawrence Jamaica 2004 Athens details Yulia Nestsiarenka Belarus Lauryn Williams United States Veronica Campbell Jamaica 2008 Beijing details Shelly-Ann Fraser Jamaica Sherone Simpson Jamaica none awarded Kerron Stewart Jamaica 2012 London details Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce Jamaica Carmelita Jeter United States Veronica Campbell-Brown Jamaica 2016 Rio de Janeiro details Elaine Thompson Jamaica Tori Bowie United States Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce Jamaica 2020 Tokyo details Elaine Thompson-Herah Jamaica Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce Jamaica Shericka Jackson Jamaica 2024 Paris details World Championships medalists Further information: 100 metres at the World Athletics Championships Men Championships Gold Silver Bronze edit 1983 Helsinki details Carl Lewis (USA) Calvin Smith (USA) Emmit King (USA) 1987 Rome details Carl Lewis (USA) Raymond Stewart (JAM) Linford Christie (GBR) 1991 Tokyo details Carl Lewis (USA) Leroy Burrell (USA) Dennis Mitchell (USA) 1993 Stuttgart details Linford Christie (GBR) Andre Cason (USA) Dennis Mitchell (USA) 1995 Gothenburg details Donovan Bailey (CAN) Bruny Surin (CAN) Ato Boldon (TRI) 1997 Athens details Maurice Greene (USA) Donovan Bailey (CAN) Tim Montgomery (USA) 1999 Seville details Maurice Greene (USA) Bruny Surin (CAN) Dwain Chambers (GBR) 2001 Edmonton details Maurice Greene (USA) Bernard Williams (USA) Ato Boldon (TRI) 2003 Saint-Denis details Kim Collins (SKN) Darrel Brown (TRI) Darren Campbell (GBR) 2005 Helsinki details Justin Gatlin (USA) Michael Frater (JAM) Kim Collins (SKN) 2007 Osaka details Tyson Gay (USA) Derrick Atkins (BAH) Asafa Powell (JAM) 2009 Berlin details Usain Bolt (JAM) Tyson Gay (USA) Asafa Powell (JAM) 2011 Daegu details Yohan Blake (JAM) Walter Dix (USA) Kim Collins (SKN) 2013 Moscow details Usain Bolt (JAM) Justin Gatlin (USA) Nesta Carter (JAM) 2015 Beijing details Usain Bolt (JAM) Justin Gatlin (USA) Trayvon Bromell (USA) Andre De Grasse (CAN) 2017 London details Justin Gatlin (USA) Christian Coleman (USA) Usain Bolt (JAM) 2019 Doha details Christian Coleman (USA) Justin Gatlin (USA) Andre De Grasse (CAN) 2022 Eugene details Fred Kerley (USA) Marvin Bracy (USA) Trayvon Bromell (USA) 2023 Budapest details Noah Lyles (USA) Letsile Tebogo (BOT) Zharnel Hughes (GBR) Medalists by country Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total 1 United States (USA) 13 11 6 30 2 Jamaica (JAM) 4 3 5 12 3 Canada (CAN) 1 3 2 6 4 Great Britain (GBR) 1 0 4 5 5 Saint Kitts and Nevis (SKN) 1 0 3 3 6 Trinidad and Tobago (TRI) 0 1 2 3 7 Bahamas (BAH) 0 1 0 1 Botswana (BOT) 0 1 0 1 Women Championships Gold Silver Bronze edit 1983 Helsinki details Marlies Oelsner-Göhr (GDR) Marita Koch (GDR) Diane Williams (USA) 1987 Rome details Silke Gladisch-Möller (GDR) Heike Daute-Drechsler (GDR) Merlene Ottey (JAM) 1991 Tokyo details Katrin Krabbe (GER) Gwen Torrence (USA) Merlene Ottey (JAM) 1993 Stuttgart details Gail Devers (USA) Merlene Ottey (JAM) Gwen Torrence (USA) 1995 Gothenburg details Gwen Torrence (USA) Merlene Ottey (JAM) Irina Privalova (RUS) 1997 Athens details Marion Jones (USA) Zhanna Pintusevich (UKR) Savatheda Fynes (BAH) 1999 Seville details Marion Jones (USA) Inger Miller (USA) Ekaterini Thanou (GRE) 2001 Edmonton details Zhanna Pintusevich-Block (UKR) Ekaterini Thanou (GRE) Chandra Sturrup (BAH) 2003 Saint-Denis details Torri Edwards (USA) Chandra Sturrup (BAH) Ekaterini Thanou (GRE) 2005 Helsinki details Lauryn Williams (USA) Veronica Campbell (JAM) Christine Arron (FRA) 2007 Osaka details Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) Lauryn Williams (USA) Carmelita Jeter (USA) 2009 Berlin details Shelly-Ann Fraser (JAM) Kerron Stewart (JAM) Carmelita Jeter (USA) 2011 Daegu details Carmelita Jeter (USA) Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) Kelly-Ann Baptiste (TRI) 2013 Moscow details Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) Murielle Ahouré (CIV) Carmelita Jeter (USA) 2015 Beijing details Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) Dafne Schippers (NED) Tori Bowie (USA) 2017 London details Tori Bowie (USA) Marie-Josée Ta Lou (CIV) Dafne Schippers (NED) 2019 Doha details Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) Dina Asher-Smith (GBR) Marie-Josée Ta Lou (CIV) 2022 Eugene details Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) Shericka Jackson (JAM) Elaine Thompson-Herah (JAM) 2023 Budapest details Sha'Carri Richardson (USA) Shericka Jackson (JAM) Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) Medalists by country Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total 1 United States (USA) 9 3 6 18 2 Jamaica (JAM) 6 7 4 17 3 East Germany (GDR) 2 2 0 4 4 Ukraine (UKR) 1 1 0 2 5 Germany (GER) 1 0 0 1 6 Ivory Coast (CIV) 0 2 1 3 7 Bahamas (BAH) 0 1 2 3 Greece (GRE) 0 1 2 3 9 Netherlands (NED) 0 1 1 2 10 Great Britain (GBR) 0 1 0 1 11 France (FRA) 0 0 1 1 Russia (RUS) 0 0 1 1 Trinidad and Tobago (TRI) 0 0 1 1 See also 100-yard dash List of 100 metres national champions (men) List of 100 metres national champions (women) Men's 100 metres world record progression Women's 100 metres world record progression 2018 in 100 metres 2019 in 100 metres 2020 in 100 metres Notes It is widely believed that the anemometer was faulty for the race in which Florence Griffith-Joyner set the official world record for the women's 100 m of 10.49 s.[1] A 1995 report commissioned by the IAAF estimated the true wind speed was between +5.0 m/s and +7.0 m/s, rather than the 0.0 recorded.[1] If this time, recorded in the quarter-final of the 1988 U.S. Olympic trials, were excluded, the world record would be 10.54 s, recorded by Elaine Thompson-Herah at the 2021 Prefontaine meet in Eugene on 21 August 2021.[1][2] by World Athletics source; 30 October 2022 by OAA source References Linthorne, Nicholas P. (June 1995). "The 100-m World Record by Florence Griffith-Joyner at the 1988 U.S. Olympic Trials" (PDF). Brunel University. Retrieved 24 March 2012. "Women's outdoor 100m". All-time top lists. IAAF. 17 September 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2012. Bob Harris; Ramela Mills; Shanon Parker-Bennett (22 June 2004). BTEC First Sport. Heinemann. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-435-45460-9. "The Day - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. "Athletics Weekly • View topic - IAAF Tweaks False Start Rule". Archived from the original on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2012. "IAAF keeps one false-start rule". BBC. 3 August 2005. Retrieved 15 August 2008. "Gatlin queries false start change". BBC News. 6 May 2005. Retrieved 15 August 2008. Christopher Clarey (28 August 2011). "Who Can Beat Bolt in the 100? Himself". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 August 2011. "The disqualification of Usain Bolt". IAAF. 28 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 28 August 2011. "Usain Bolt 100m 10 meter Splits and Speed Endurance". Speedendurance.com. 22 August 2008. Retrieved 7 August 2012. Sandre-Tom. "IAAF Competition Rules 2009, Rule 164" (PDF). IAAF. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2009. 100 metres IAAF "Progression of 100 meters world record". ESPN. Associated Press. 12 May 2006. Retrieved 28 June 2011. "100 Metres Results" (PDF). IAAF. 16 August 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 August 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2011. 100 Metres All Time. IAAF (9 March 2009). Retrieved 6 May 2009. Archived 8 May 2009. Linthorne, N.(PHD)(1995)The 100m World Record by Florence Griffith Joyner at the 1988 U.S Olympic Trials. Report for the International Amateur Athletic Federation Department of Physics, University of Western Australia Records - Records by Event - 100 Metres. World Athletics. Retrieved 6 July 2023. "Toplists – All time Top lists – Senior Outdoor 100 Metres Men". World Athletics. Retrieved 5 June 2021. "All-time men's best 100m". alltime-athletics.com. 25 August 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2019. Layden, Tim (31 August 2009). "Bolt Strikes Twice". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 5 December 2018. "100 Metres Result | 12th IAAF World Championships in Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 10 May 2023. Butler, Mark. "IAAF Statistics Handbook Special Edition Games of the XXXI Olympiad Rio 2016". p. 74. Retrieved 10 May 2023. "Tyson Gay equals Usain Bolt's old world record with second fastest 100m". The Guardian. 20 September 2009. Retrieved 5 December 2018. "News - 2009 Results / Video - Shanghai Golden Grand Prix". www.runnerspace.com. Retrieved 10 May 2023. Campigotto, Jesse (23 August 2012). "Yohan Blake becomes 3rd man to run 9.69". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 5 December 2018. "SAMSUNG DIAMOND LEAGUE 2012 Lausanne (SUI) 23 August 2012 100m Men" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023. "News - 9.72 World Record for Usain Bolt - Reebok Grand Prix". www.runnerspace.com. Retrieved 10 May 2023. Ledsom, Mark (2 September 2008). "Powell equals second fastest 100 meters time". Reuters. Retrieved 5 December 2018. "Men's 100m Split Times - by time" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023. "Justin Gatlin runs fastest 100 meters in world this year". ESPN. 15 May 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2018. "IAAF DIAMOND LEAGUE Doha (QAT) 15.05.2015 Results 100m Men" (PDF). Retrieved 11 May 2023. "IAAF DIAMOND LEAGUE Rome (ITA) 4 June 2015 Results 100m Men" (PDF). Retrieved 12 May 2023. "IAAF DIAMOND LEAGUE Lausanne (SUI) 9 July 2015 Results 100m Men" (PDF). Retrieved 12 May 2023. "SAMSUNG DIAMOND LEAGUE 2011 Brussels (BEL) 16.09.2011 100m Men" (PDF). Retrieved 12 May 2023. "SAMSUNG DIAMOND LEAGUE 2012 Roma (ITA) 31 May 2012 100m Men" (PDF). Retrieved 12 May 2023. "SAMSUNG DIAMOND LEAGUE 2012 Zürich (SUI) 29 - 30 August 2012 100m Men" (PDF). Retrieved 12 May 2023. "100m Results" (PDF). IAAF. 28 September 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2019. "World Athletics Continental Tour | World Athletics". World Athletics. 18 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021. "Kerley cruises to speedy 100m triumph at US Championships | REPORT | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 24 June 2023. "IAAF RESULTS 100 Metres Men - Final World Championships Moscow (RUS) 10-18 August 2013" (PDF). Retrieved 12 May 2023. "IAAF DIAMOND LEAGUE Brussels (BEL) 5 September 2014 100m Men" (PDF). Retrieved 12 May 2023. "100 Metres Result | 15th IAAF World Championships". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 12 May 2023. "NACAC NEW LIFE INVITATIONAL Mens 100 Dash". halfmiletiming.com. Retrieved 5 June 2021. Karen Rosen (25 June 2022). "Kerley cruises to speedy 100m triumph at US Championships". World Athletics. Retrieved 28 June 2022. "Nesta Carter ties for fastest 100 of year". The Seattle Times. 29 August 2010. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018. Litsky, Frank (17 June 1999). "Greene Breaks World Record in the 100 Meters". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 December 2018. Cherry, Gene (4 June 2011). "Tyson Gay runs year's fastest 100 metres". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 14 December 2013. "Men's 100m Final Results" (PDF). olympics.com. 1 August 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021. "Thompson breaks record". guardian.co.tt. Trinidad and Tobago Guardian. 22 June 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2018. "Hughes runs world-leading British 100m record in New York | REPORT | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 24 June 2023. "100m Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 20 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023. Jon Mulkeen (6 July 2021). "Thompson-Herah, Bol and Simbine sizzle to meeting records in Szekesfehervar". World Athletics. Retrieved 18 July 2021. "Burrell Eclipses 100-Meter Mark". Los Angeles Times. 7 July 1994. Retrieved 5 December 2018. "Parchment, Feng and Wanyonyi among winners on night of rematches in Xiamen". World Athletics. 2 September 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2023. "Justin Gatlin Ran 9.45 With Crazy Wind-Aid on Japanese TV". flotrack.org. 29 February 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2017. Zinser, Lynn (30 June 2008),"Shattering Limits on the Track, and in the Pool" The New York Times Ewing, Lori (The Canadian Press) (18 June 2017), [1] National Post "Results: Men 100 M (Final)". flashresults.com. 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021. "100m World Record falls to Montgomery – 9.78!". iaaf.org. IAAF. 14 September 2002. Retrieved 9 December 2018. "CAS decision on Montgomery and Gaines". iaaf.org. IAAF. 13 December 2005. Retrieved 9 December 2018. Nikitaridis, Michalis (14 June 2005). "Powell keeps his World record promise". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 9 December 2018. "Toplists - All time Top lists - Senior Outdoor 100 Metres Women". World Athletics. 31 July 2021. "All-time women's best 100m". alltime-athletics.com. 31 July 2021. "Prefontaine Classic 2021 Complete Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 21 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021. Simon Turnbull (27 August 2021). "Fraser-Pryce and Rojas show their class in Lausanne". World Athletics. Retrieved 10 September 2021. "Wanda Diamond League Stade Olympique de la Pontaise - Lausanne (SUI) 25th - 26th August 2021 Results 100m Women" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023. "Women's 100m Split Times - by time" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023. "Athletics – Women's 100m Final Results" (PDF). olympics.com. 31 July 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2021. Pollitt, Lysander. "BIOMECHANICAL REPORT FOR THE 200 m Women's". p. 40. Retrieved 10 May 2023. "Wanda Diamond League Stade Louis II - Monaco (MON) 10th August 2022 Results 100m Women" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023. Glynn A. Hill (5 June 2021). "Jamaican sprinter becomes the second-fastest woman of all time ahead of Tokyo Olympics". The Washington Post. Retrieved 15 June 2021. "JOA/JAAA OLYMPIC DESTINY SERIES #3". Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2023. "News - 2009 Results / Video - Shanghai Golden Grand Prix". www.runnerspace.com. Retrieved 10 May 2023. "1st IAAF/VTB BANK CONTINENTAL CUP IAAF STATISTICS HANDBOOK SPLIT 2010" (PDF). 26 October 2012. p. 59. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 October 2012. "Wanda Diamond League Final Letzigrund - Zürich (SUI) 8th - 9th September 2021 Results 100m Women" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023. Jess Whittington; Jon Mulkeen (8 September 2022). "Amusan and Lyles break meeting records en route to Diamond League wins in Zurich". World Athletics. Retrieved 16 September 2022. "Wanda Diamond League Final 2022 7th September - Sechseläutenplatz, Zürich (SUI) 8th September - Letzigrund, Zürich (SUI) Results 100m Women" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023. "Shericka Jackson runs 10.65secs to win Jamaica Championships". world-track.org. 7 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023. "100m Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023. Chris Broadbent (6 August 2022). "Fraser-Pryce flies to world-leading 10.66 in Silesia". World Athletics. Retrieved 19 August 2022. "Wanda Diamond League Silesian Stadium - Chorzów (POL) 6th August 2022 Results 100m Women" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023. Nickinson, Chris. "World Athletics Final - Videos - Carmelita Jeter 10.67!!! #3 ALL TIME 100m - World Athletics Final 2009 Thessaloniki". www.runnerspace.com. Retrieved 10 May 2023. Justin Lagat (7 May 2022). "Fraser-Pryce produces one of several world leads in Nairobi". World Athletics. Retrieved 27 May 2022. "KIP KEINO CLASSIC WORLD CONTINENTAL TOUR GOLD - NAIROBI 2022 Women's 100 m" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023. Mike Rowbottom (19 June 2022). "Pocket Rocket Fraser-Pryce into orbit again in Paris as she equals 100m world lead". World Athletics. Retrieved 19 June 2022. "Wanda Diamond League Stade Charléty - Paris (FRA) 18th June 2022 Results 100m Women" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023. "100m Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 17 July 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022. Chris Broadbent (8 August 2022). "McLaughlin sets European all-comers' record of 51.68 in Szekesfehervar". World Athletics. Retrieved 22 August 2022. "2022 – Gyulai István Memorial". p. 10. Retrieved 10 May 2023. Ferro, Amelia. "Biomechanical analysis of the 7th World Championships in Athletics Seville 1999" (PDF). p. 42. Retrieved 10 May 2023. "SAMSUNG DIAMOND LEAGUE 2011 Eugene (USA) 3 - 4 June 2011 VISA 100m Women" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023. "Jamaican Senior National Championships - Videos - Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce Jamaican 10.70 Womens 100m Final - Jamaican Senior National Championships 2012". Retrieved 10 May 2023. Sherdon Cowan (1 July 2016). "#NatlTrials: Elaine Thompson storms to 10.70s win in 100m". jamaicaobserver.com. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2016. "100m Heats Results". JAAA. 23 June 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022. "100m Result" (PDF). sportresult.com. 16 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023. "100m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022. Roy Jordan (4 July 2016). "Six world leads on third day of US Olympic Trials". IAAF. Retrieved 4 July 2016. Cathal Dennehy (11 June 2016). "Ahoure powers to African 100m record of 10.78 in Florida". IAAF. Retrieved 11 June 2016. "100m Results" (PDF). IAAF. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015. "Ofili, Wilson and Alfred shine at collegiate conference championships". World Athletics. 15 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022. Karen Rosen (25 June 2022). "Kerley cruises to speedy 100m triumph at US Championships". World Athletics. Retrieved 28 June 2022. "U20 Outdoor 100 Metres Men". worldathletics.org. World Athletics. Retrieved 5 January 2020. "100m Final Result". World Athletics. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023. "100m Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 2 August 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2022. Jon Gugala (14 June 2014). "Freshman Sprinting Phenom Wins NCAAs, Sets World Junior Record". deadspin.com. Dead Spin. Retrieved 13 December 2018. Noel Francis (2 April 2023). "Nkrumie and Reid sizzle at Jamaican High School Championships". World Athletics. Retrieved 17 April 2023. Jon Mulkeen (29 April 2013). "Kiryu equals World junior 100m record in Hiroshima". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 29 April 2013. "Renan vence os 100 m em 10.01 e brilha em Bogotá" (in Portuguese). CBAt. 19 May 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023. Jon Mulkeen (19 May 2019). "Norman, Wang and Lalova break meeting records in Osaka". IAAF. Retrieved 26 May 2019. "100m Results". Track & Field Results Reporting System (TFRRS). 27 May 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2022. "58th ANNUAL MT. SAC RELAYS Results – Friday Field" (PDF). mtsacrelays.com. Mt. San Antonio College. 15 April 2016. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2019. "US quartet breaks distance medley relay world record in Boston". World Athletics. 16 April 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022. "Sprinter Sani Brown outlcasses field in 100-meter final for first national title". Japan Times. 24 June 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2017. "Results 100 Metres Men – Round 1" (PDF). iaaf.org. IAAF. 4 August 2017. p. 1. Retrieved 22 February 2019. "Simbine scorches to 9.91 100m victory in Pretoria". World Athletics. 14 March 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020. Olivia Ekpone (9 July 2023). "Christian Miller Clocks 10.06 For No. 4 All-Time In The 100m". milesplit.com. Retrieved 13 July 2023. Todd Grasley (19 May 2014). "Bromell Blazing! World Leading 9.77w (4.2) To Win Big 12 Championship". milesplit.com. FloSports, Inc. Retrieved 22 February 2019. "IAAF denies Kiryu share of junior world record". Japan Times. 15 June 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2019. Donald McRae (15 February 2004). "Athletics: An interview with Mark Lewis-Francis". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 February 2019. Bill Buchalter (26 May 1990). "Neal Puts Speedy Reputation On The Line At Showalter Field". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 22 February 2019. "U20 Outdoor 100 Metres Women". World Athletics. Retrieved 18 July 2022. Jenna West (8 June 2019). "LSU Freshman Breaks Women's 100m Collegiate Record in 10.75, Celebrates Early". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 8 June 2019. Cory Mull (30 July 2022). "Tamari Davis, AAU Alumnus, Sets Potential World U20 Record". milesplit.com. Retrieved 18 August 2022. Steve Campbell (3 June 2023). "Shawnti Jackson runs blistering 10.89 secs, set national high school record". world-track.org. Retrieved 7 June 2023. "100 Metres Women – Final – Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 4 August 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2022. Leighton Levy (6 June 2021). "Thompson-Herah runs 10.87, Briana Williams breaks 100m U20 record, again, at New Life Invitational". SportsMax. Retrieved 26 June 2021. "World U20 sprint records fall as Knighton runs 19.49 and Tebogo clocks 9.96". World Athletics. 30 April 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022. Jon Mulkeen (20 June 2015). "Hill breaks world youth 100m best and American junior record with 10.98". IAAF. Retrieved 21 June 2015. "100m Results" (PDF). results.toronto2015.org. 22 July 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2015. Jon Mulkeen (22 April 2018). "Terry breezes to 10.99 at Mt SAC Relays". IAAF. Retrieved 25 April 2018. Olivia Ekpone (28 May 2023). "Mia Brahe-Pedersen Clocks 11.00 For No. 3 All-Time In 100m". milesplit.com. Retrieved 2 June 2023. Anthony Foster (8 June 2019). "Kiara Grant recaptures NJR with 11.04s". Trackalerts.com. Archived from the original on 9 June 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2019. "100m Results". NAAATT. 24 June 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017. "Women's 100m Round 1 Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 2 August 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2022. "Torrie Lewis breaks women's 100m Australian record". abc.net.au. 27 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024. Noel Francis (22 June 2019). "Thompson beats Fraser-Pryce to Jamaican 100m title as both clock 10.73". IAAF. Retrieved 5 January 2020. Gillen, Nancy (1 September 2019). "Jamaican teenage sprint star Williams faces ban for failed doping test". Inside the Games. Retrieved 5 January 2020. Raynor, Kayon; Osmond, Ed (26 September 2019). "Jamaica's Williams escapes doping ban". Reuters. Retrieved 5 January 2020. "ATHLETE PROFILE Briana WILLIAMS". World Athletics. Retrieved 5 January 2020. "U18 Outdoor 100 Metres Men". worldathletics.org. World Athletics. Retrieved 5 January 2020. "100m Semifinal Results" (PDF). hangzhou2022.cn. 30 September 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023. "100m Results". deltatiming.com. 31 March 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2017. "Harrison & Holloway hurdles sweep highlights adidas Boost Boston Games". USATF. 24 May 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2021. Phil Minshull (7 September 2015). "Leotlela clocks second fastest ever youth 100m with 10.20 in Samoa". IAAF. Retrieved 13 September 2015. Noel Francis (25 March 2018). "Taylor and Davis delight at Jamaica's Boys and Girls Champs". IAAF. Retrieved 27 March 2018. Raymond Graham (6 March 2016). "Matherson sprints to National Youth record". jamaica-gleaner.com. Retrieved 3 June 2016. "Teddy Wilson Sprints To European U18 Record In Mannheim". British Athletics. 25 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023. "100m Result" (PDF). EAA. 16 July 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2021. "U18 Outdoor 100 Metres Women". worldathletics.org. World Athletics. Retrieved 5 January 2020. "Florida's Whitney sets world junior 200 record". newsobserver.com. 7 July 2014. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2014. "Adaejah T. Hodge lowers her own National Record in 100m". virginislandsnewsonline.com. 30 April 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023. "100m Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 3 August 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2023. Noel Francis (11 April 2022). "Hill, Clayton, Lyston and Hibbert impress at Jamaican High School Championships". World Athletics. Retrieved 20 April 2022. "100m Semifinal Results Summary" (PDF). World Athletics. 2 August 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022. "IPC Men's 100m Records". IPC. Retrieved 8 November 2021. "Men's 100m T11 Results" (PDF). Tokyo 2020 official website. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021. "100m Result" (PDF). sportresult.com. 15 June 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2023. "Men's 100m T35 Final Results". IPC. 30 August 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021. "Men's 100m T37 Final Results". IPC. 27 August 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021. "Men's 100m T38 Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 13 September 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2016. "Men's 100m T42/T63 Final Results". IPC. 30 August 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021. "Neue Massstäbe gesetzt: Catherine Debrunner und Marcel Hug pulverisieren Weltrekorde in Arbon". St. Galler Tagblatt (in German). 22 May 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023. "World Para Athletics World Records". IPC. Retrieved 12 February 2021. "Jerusa Geber quebra recorde mundial dos 100m entre atletas cegas no Circuito Loterias Caixa de atletismo" (in Portuguese). Brazilian Paralympic Committee. 25 March 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023. "Women's 100m T12 Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 9 September 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2016. "Women's 100m T13 Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 11 September 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2016. "COCKROFT IMPROVES T34 100M RECORD ON FINAL DAY IN NOTTWIL". British Athletics. 30 May 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023. "Athletics - Women's 100 m T35 – Results". IPC. Retrieved 11 October 2023. "Athletics - Women's 100 m T36 – Results". IPC. Retrieved 11 October 2023. "Women's 100m T37 Results" (PDF). IPC. 13 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023. "Heat 2 results" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021. "Fastest run 100 metres (T42, female)". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 11 October 2023. "Women's 100m T43/44 Results" (PDF). IPC. 29 October 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2015. "Super seven in Nottwil". paralympic.org. 25 May 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2019. "Dubai 2019 World Para Athletics Championships – Women's 100m T47 – Final – Results" (PDF). International Paralympic Committee. 12 November 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2023. "Debrunner serves up world record bonanza in spectacular Nottwil 2023 GP". International Paralympic Committee. 28 May 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023. "Debrunner serves up world record bonanza in spectacular Nottwil 2023 GP". International Paralympic Committee. 28 May 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023. "Women's 100m T63 Results" (PDF). IPC. 13 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023. "Women's 100m T64 Result" (PDF). IPC. 3 June 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2021. Marion Jones admitted to having taken performance enhancing drugs prior to the 2000 Summer Olympics. She relinquished her medals to the United States Olympic Committee, and the International Olympic Committee formally stripped her of her medals. 100 metres not awarded Greece Ekaterini Thanou 11.12 and Jamaica Tayna Lawrence 11.18 Jamaica Merlene Ottey 11.19 The IOC did not initially decide to regrade the results, as silver medalist Ekaterini Thanou had herself been subsequently involved in a doping scandal in the run-up to the 2004 Summer Olympics. After two years of deliberation, in late 2009 the IOC decided to upgrade Lawrence and Ottey to silver and bronze respectively, and leave Thanou as a silver medallist, with the gold medal withheld. External links Media related to 100 metres at Wikimedia Commons IAAF list of 100-metres records in XML All-time men's 100 m list All-time women's 100 m list Olympics 100 m – Men Olympics 100 m – Women vte Athletics events Track and field Cross country running Road running Racewalking Track Sprints 50 m 55 m 60 m 100 y 100 m 150 m 200 m (straight) 300 m 400 m 440 y Hurdles 50 m 55 m 60 m 80 m 100 m 110 m 200 m (low) 300 m 400 m Middle-distance 500 m 600 m 800 m 1000 m 1500 m 1600 m One mile 2000 m 2000 m steeplechase 3000 m 3000 m steeplechase 3200 m Two miles Long-distance 5000 m 10,000 m 20,000 m One hour run Relays 4 × 100 m 4 × 200 m 4 × 400 m 4 × 800 m 4 × 1500 m 4 × mile Sprint medley relay Distance medley relay Swedish relay Shuttle hurdle relay Walking Mile 3000 m 5000 m 10,000 m 20,000 m Field Throws Shot put Discus Hammer Javelin Weight throw Softball throw Jumps High jump (standing) Pole vault Long jump (standing) Triple jump (standing) Combined Decathlon Octathlon Heptathlon Athletics pentathlon Women's pentathlon Throws pentathlon Road Running 5 km 10 km 15 km 10 mi 20 km 25 km Half marathon Marathon Ekiden Ultramarathon Walking 10 km 20 km 35 km 50 km 50 mi 100 km Marathon mixed relay Other Frame running Multiday race Wheelchair racing Backward running Sport of athletics portal • Current Olympic events shown in italics Portal: Athletics Categories: 100 metresEvents in track and fieldSprint (running)Summer Olympic disciplines in athletics100 (number) This page was last edited on 22 March 2024, at 13: Sprint (running) Article Talk Read Edit View history Tools From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (March 2019) This article appears to be slanted towards recent events. (March 2019) This article may lend undue weight to IAAF sources. (March 2019) Usain Bolt, world record holder in 100 m and 200 m sprints This sprinter's initial crouch in the blocks allowed her to preload her muscles and channel the force generated from this into her first strides. Sprinting is running over a short distance at the top-most speed of the body in a limited period of time. It is used in many sports that incorporate running, typically as a way of quickly reaching a target or goal, or avoiding or catching an opponent. Human physiology dictates that a runner's near-top speed cannot be maintained for more than 30–35 seconds due to the depletion of phosphocreatine stores in muscles, and perhaps secondarily to excessive metabolic acidosis as a result of anaerobic glycolysis.[1] In athletics and track and field, sprints (or dashes) are races over short distances. They are among the oldest running competitions, being recorded at the Ancient Olympic Games. Three sprints are currently held at the modern Summer Olympics and outdoor World Championships: the 100 metres, 200 metres, and 400 metres. At the professional level, sprinters begin the race by assuming a crouching position in the starting blocks before driving forward and gradually moving into an upright position as the race progresses and momentum is gained. The set position differs depending on the start. The use of starting blocks allows the sprinter to perform an enhanced isometric preload; this generates muscular pre-tension which is channeled into the subsequent forward drive, making it more powerful. Body alignment is of key importance in producing the optimal amount of force. Ideally, the athlete should begin in a 4-point stance and drive forwards, pushing off using both legs for maximum force production.[2] Athletes remain in the same lane on the running track throughout all sprinting events,[1] with the sole exception of the 400 metres indoors. Races up to 100 metres are largely focused upon acceleration to an athlete's maximum speed.[2] All sprints beyond this distance increasingly incorporate an element of endurance.[3] History [icon] This section needs expansion with: historical records of sprinting after the Ancient Olympics but before 1896. You can help by adding to it. (March 2019) See also: History of physical training and fitness The stadion of ancient Nemea, Greece. The first 13 editions of the Ancient Olympic Games featured only one event—the stadion race, which was a sprinting race from one end of the stadium to the other.[4] The Diaulos (Δίαυλος, "double pipe") was a double-stadion race, c. 400 metres (1,300 feet), introduced in the 14th Olympiad of the ancient Olympic Games (724 BC). Sprint races were part of the original Olympic Games in the 7th century B.C. as well as the first modern Olympic Games which started in the late 19th century (Athens 1896)[5] and featured the 100 meters and 400 meters. Athletes started both races from a crouched start (4-point stance). In both the original Olympics and the modern Olympics, only men were allowed to participate in track and field until the 1928 games in Amsterdam, Netherlands.[6] The 1928 games were also the first games to use a 400-meter track, which became the standard for track and field. The modern sprinting events have their roots in races of imperial measurements which were later altered to metric: the 100 m evolved from the 100-yard dash,[7] the 200 m distance came from the furlong (or 1⁄8 mile),[8] and the 400 m was the successor to the 440-yard dash or quarter-mile race.[1] Technological advances have always improved sprint performances (i.e., starting blocks, synthetic track material, and shoe technology). In 1924, athletes used a small shovel to dig holes to start the race. The world record in the 100-meter dash in 1924 was 10.4 seconds, while in 1948, (the first use of starting blocks) was 10.2 seconds, and was 10.1 seconds in 1956. The constant drive for faster athletes with better technology has brought man from 10.4 seconds to 9.58 seconds in less than 100 years. Track events were measured with the metric system except for the United Kingdom and the United States until 1965 and 1974 respectively. The Amateur Athletic Association (AAU)[citation needed] decided to switch track and field in the U.S. to the metric system to finally make track and field internationally equivalent. Biological factors for runners Biological factors that determine a sprinter's potential include: Height (minor factor)[citation needed] Muscular strength Adrenaline use Anaerobic respiration capacity Breathing Footspeed Proportion of fast twitch muscles[9] Leg length Pelvic width[citation needed] Competitions Start of the women's 60 m at the 2010 World Indoor Championships Common contemporary distances 60 meters Normally run indoors, on a straight section of an indoor athletic track. Some of the fastest humans reach their maximum speed around the 60-metre mark. 60-meters is often used as an outdoor distance by younger athletes when starting sprint racing. Note: Indoor distances are less standardized, as many facilities run shorter or occasionally longer distances depending on available space. 60 m is the championship distance. 100 meters[10] Takes place on the straight of a standard outdoor 400 m track. Often, the world-record holder in this race is considered "the world's fastest man/woman." Primarily an outdoor race. A 200 m bend 200 meters[10] Begins on the curve of a standard track (where the runners are staggered in their starting position, to ensure that they all run the same distance), and ends on the home straight. Competed both indoors and outdoors, with only slightly slower times than outdoors. 400 meters[10] Runners are staggered in their starting positions to ensure that everyone runs the same distance. Competed both indoors and outdoors, with only slightly slower times than outdoors. Allyson Felix, at London 2012 Summer Olympics 4 × 100 metres relay[11] Runners are staggered in their starting positions to ensure that everyone runs the same distance. Runners use acceleration zones and exchange zones to pass a baton 4 × 400 metres relay[11] Runners are staggered in their starting positions to ensure that everyone runs the same distance. Runners use exchange zones to pass a baton. Typically, the final race at track meets. Historical and uncommon distances 50 yards (45.72 m) The event was a common event for most American students because it was one of the standardized test events as part of the President's Award on Physical Fitness.[12] 50 m The 50 metres is an uncommon event and alternative to the 60 metres. Donovan Bailey holds the men's world record with a time of 5.56 seconds and Irina Privalova holds the women's world record with a time of 5.96 seconds. 60 yards (54.864 m) Main article: 60-yard dash A rarely run sprinting event that was once more commonplace. The world record time of 5.99 is held by Lee McRae and was set in 1987. The time is often used for American Football speed training. 55 m The 55 metres is an uncommon event that resulted from the metrication of the 60 yards and is an alternative to the 60 metres. 70 Yards An extremely rare sprinting event, that was occasionally run in the 1960s. The world record of 6.90 is held by Bob Hayes. 100 yards (91.44 m) The outdoor standard in the English (imperial measured) speaking world. It was part of the Commonwealth Games up until 1966 and was the premier event in American high school sprinting until the NFHS changed to metric in 1980, now only a secondary distance to the 100 metres. The unofficial World Record Holder is Jamaican Asafa Powell with a time of 9.07 seconds. 150 m 150 metres final at the Manchester City Games 2009 The informal distance of 150 metres (164.042 yards) can be used to work on a 100 m runner's stamina, or a 200 m runner's speed, and has been used as an exhibition distance. The distance was used in a race between the 1996 Olympic champions, the 100 m gold medalist Donovan Bailey (Canada) and the 200 m gold medalist Michael Johnson (USA). It was to decide which of the two was really the 'fastest man on earth' (see Bailey–Johnson 150-metre race). The informal distance was used for an exhibition race during the Manchester Great CityGames as part of the 2009 Great Manchester Run (UK). Stars included Triple Olympic Champion Usain Bolt (Jamaica) alongside Ivory Williams (USA), Simeon Williamson (UK), and other international track stars. The female race included 400 m Olympic Champion, Christine Ohuruogu of Great Britain alongside Debbie Ferguson-McKenzie (Bahamas). Bolt ran the distance in a record time of 14.35 seconds.[13][14] Stadion A race scene from Ancient Greece, originally represented on a Panathenaic amphora The stadion, also known as the stade, was the standard short distance sprint in ancient Greece and ran the length of a stadium. However, stadiums could vary in size and there was apparently no definite standard length for them, e.g., the stadium at Delphi measures 177 m and the one at Pergamon 210 m.[15] 300 m The 300 metres is another informal distance, which could be used to aid a 200 m runner's stamina, or a 400 m runner's speed. Currently, the world's best for this event is 30.81 seconds, set by Wayde van Niekerk in Ostrava, Czech Republic in 2017.[16] The women's record is 35.30 seconds, set by Ana Guevara at altitude in Mexico City in 2003. Junior girls in several countries run this distance instead of the 400 metres. Diaulos The diaulos was an event contested in the Ancient Greek Olympia that was double the length of a stadion. The hoplitodromos race was two stades long and run with a shield and helmet. This drawing is based on an original from a Panathenaic amphora from c.336 BC.[17] As well as standard foot races, in Ancient Greece there was also a sprint race called the hoplitodromos ('armed diaulos'[18]). This required the sprinters to additionally carry a large shield and wear a helmet. Similarly to the diaulos, they ran two stades in length i.e. one stade ending with a 180 degree turn around a post, which led onto the second stade in length back down the track.[19] 4 × 200 metres relay[11] Runners are staggered in their starting positions to ensure that everyone runs the same distance. Runners use acceleration zones and exchange zones to pass a baton Equipment Shoes Typically, a sprinter only needs two types of shoes, training shoes and sprinting spikes.[20] Sprinting spikes are typically designed to be lightweight, with a minimal cushion on the heels and a plate on the forefoot to keep the runner on the toes of each foot. The spike plate will typically have the maximum number of holes for metal spikes to be inserted to keep a proper grip on the track surface. These metal removable spikes also come in varying sizes. The spikes typically range from 4 mm to 15 mm and come in different styles. Most facilities have specific requirements for what size and style spikes can be used.[21] Starting Blocks[22] Starting blocks are not a necessity but are highly suggested for use in sprinting events. Starting blocks are a piece of equipment that typically consists of foot pads attached to a central rail. The point of using blocks is to help the athlete push themselves further down the track as quickly as possible. Typical Block Start Set-up[23] Place heel slightly on the starting line Place the blocks in the center of the track, approximately where your toe is. The dominant foot will be in the front block. With the paddle being set at 45 degrees The front block will be about 1 3⁄4-2 foot lengths from the starting line. The non-dominant foot will be in the back block. The paddle will be set as high as possible. The back block will be set about 3-3 1⁄2 foot lengths from the starting line. The front block and back block are only about 1-foot in length apart. The toes should barely touch the ground. Hands will be placed about shoulder-width apart, with the thumb and pointer finger slightly behind the line. Arms should be in a straight position (locked or prepared to be locked at the elbows) The arms will remain straight (if not locked at the elbows) The hips will rise slightly above the shoulders (forcing the front half of the body to lean forward at about 45 degrees (slightly less)). A forward lean is optimal because it shifts most of the weight to the hands with a minimal bend to the back. The dominant leg should have about a 90-degree bend at the knee, while the non-dominant leg should be about 120 degrees The arm on the dominant foot side will swing forward in an "exaggerated" fashion, while the arm on the non-dominant side will swing backward in the same fashion The non-dominant foot will be the first step. The non-dominant leg should come out with a long (within comfort's range) stride, bringing the knee to a 90-degree position (separation of the foot and opposite leg's knee about 2-2 1⁄2 feet), approximately a 45-degree shin angle, and dorsiflexion with each stride. Halfway before the first step lands, the "driving" position should have a straight line through the non-dominant ankle, knee, hips, shoulders, and head. Baton The baton is a required element for any relay race. The baton is passed to each athlete through different exchange zones, with different techniques. Typically, about 1 foot (0.30 m) and 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in diameter. Timing Stopwatches Used typically in training sessions to measure relative times and recovery times. Stopwatches are not always the most accurate way to measure times in a race setting, Fully Automatic Timing / Gate Systems Fully Automatic Timing (FAT) and gate systems are used to accurately measure races, with results as accurate as up to 1/1000 of a second.[24] Governing Bodies As of 2021, World Athletics (WA) [25] is the governing body for track and field around the world. Every country that wishes to participate in WA competitions must become a member.[26] Rules Rule differences with each Governing Bodies Each governing body sets its own rules for how competition is deemed fair. World Athletics sets the competition rules internationally. The World Athletics rulebook[27] is broken into 4 separate books. The start Jeremy Wariner beginning a race from the starting blocks Starting blocks are used for all competition sprints (up to and including 400 m) and relay events (first leg only, up to 4x400 m).[28] The starting blocks consist of two adjustable footplates attached to a rigid frame. Races commence with the firing of the starter's gun.[28] The starting commands are "On your marks" and "Set".[28] Once all athletes are in the set position, the starter's gun is fired, officially starting the race. For the 100 m, all competitors are lined up side by side. For the 200 m, 300 m, and 400 m, which involve curves, runners are staggered for the start. In the rare event that there are technical issues with a start, a green card is shown to all the athletes. The green card carries no penalty. If an athlete is unhappy with track conditions after the "on your marks" command is given, the athlete must raise a hand before the "set" command and provide the Start referee with a reason. It is then up to the Start referee to decide if the reason is valid. If the Start referee deems the reason invalid, a yellow card (warning) is issued to that particular athlete. If the athlete is already on a warning, the athlete is disqualified. False starts Main article: False start § Athletics (track and field) Sprint lanes in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden, as seen from the 100 m starting point According to the World Athletics (WA) rules, "An athlete, after assuming a full and final set position, shall not commence his starting motion until after receiving the report of the gun or approved starting apparatus. If, in the judgement of the Starter or Recallers, he does so any earlier, it shall be deemed a false start."[28] The 100 m Olympic gold and silver medallist Linford Christie of Great Britain famously had frequent false starts that were marginally below the legal reaction time of 0.1 seconds. Christie and his coach, Ron Roddan, both claimed that the false starts were due to Christie's exceptional reaction times being under legal time. His frequent false starting eventually led to his disqualification from the 1996 Summer Olympics 100 m final in Atlanta, the US, due to a second false start by Christie. Since January 2010, under WA rules, a single false start by an athlete resulted in disqualification. In 2012, a new development to the false start rule was added. Because certain athletes could be disqualified for twitching in the starting blocks, but some athletes could make a twitch without the starter noticing and disqualifying the athlete, it was decided that twitching in the starting block while being in the 'set' position would only carry a maximum penalty of a yellow card or a warning. To instantly be disqualified for a false start, an athlete's hands must leave the track or their feet must leave the starting blocks, while the athlete is in their final 'set' position.[29] Lanes The finish of the 1987 East German athletics championships For all Olympic sprint events, runners must remain within their pre-assigned lanes, which measure 1.22 metres (4 feet) wide, from start to finish.[30] The lanes can be numbered 1 through 8, 9, or rarely 10, starting with the inside lane. Any athlete who runs outside the assigned lane to gain an advantage is subject to disqualification. If the athlete is forced to run outside of his or her lane by another person, and no material advantage is gained, there will be no disqualification. Also, a runner who strays from his or her lane in the straightaway, or crosses the outer line of his or her lane on the bend, and gains no advantage by it, will not be disqualified as long as no other runner is obstructed. The finish The first athlete whose torso reaches the vertical plane of the closest edge of the finish line is the winner. To ensure that the sprinter's torso triggers the timing impulse at the finish line rather than an arm, foot, or other body parts, a double Photocell is commonly used. Times are only recorded by an electronic timing system when both of these Photocells are simultaneously blocked. Photo finish systems are also used at some track and field events. World Records[31] Women's World Records Discipline Performance Competitor Country Venue Date 50 meters 5.96 Irina Privalova[32] RUS[33] Madrid (ESP) 09 FEB 1995 60 meters 6.92 Irina Privalova[32] RUS[33] Madrid (ESP) 09 FEB 1995 100 meters 10.49 Florence Griffith-Joyner[34] USA[35] Indianapolis, IN (USA) 16 JUL 1988 200 meters (indoors) 21.87 Merlene Ottey[36] JAM[37] Lievin (FRA) 13 FEB 1993 200 meters (outdoors) 21.34 Florence Griffith-Joyner[34] USA[35] Olympic Stadium, Jamsil, Seoul (KOR) 29 SEP 1988 400 meters (indoors) 49.26 Femke Bol[38] NLD Omnisport, Apeldoorn (NLD) 19 FEB 2023 400 meters (outdoors) 47.60 Marita Koch[39] GDR Bruce Stadium, Canberra (AUS) 06 OCT 1985 4x100 meter relay 40.82 Tianna Bartoletta,[40] Allyson Felix,[41] Bianca Knight,[42] Carmelita Jeter[43] USA[35] Olympic Stadium, London (GBR) 10 AUG 2012 4x200 meter relay (indoors) 1:32.41 Yuliya Gushchina,[44] Yuliya Pechonkina,[45] Irina Khabarova,[46] Yekaterina Kondratyeva[47] RUS[33] Glasgow (GBR) 29 JAN 2005 4x200 meter relay (outdoors) 1:27.46 Marion Jones,[48] Nanceen Perry,[49] LaTasha Colander,[50] LaTasha Jenkins[51] USA[35] Philadelphia, PA (USA) 29 APR 2000 4x400 meter relay (indoors) 3:23.37 Yuliya Gushchina,[44] Olga Kotlyarova,[52] Olga Zaytseva,[53] Olesya Krasnomovets-Forsheva[54] RUS[33] Glasgow (GBR) 28 JAN 2006 4x400 meter relay (outdoors) 3:15.17 Tatyana Ledovskaya,[55] Olga Nazarova,[56] Mariya Pinigina,[57] Olga Bryzgina[58] URS Olympic Stadium, Jamsil, Seoul (KOR) 01 OCT 1988 Men's World Records Discipline Performance Competitor Country Venue Date 50 meters 5.56 Donovan Bailey[59] CAN[60] Reno, NV (USA) 09 FEB 1996 60 meters 6.34 Christian Coleman[61] USA[35] Albuquerque, NM (USA) 18 FEB 2018 100 meters 9.58 Usain Bolt[62] JAM[37] Olympiastadion, Berlin (GER) 16 AUG 2009 200 meters (indoors) 19.92 Frank Fredericks[63] NAM[64] Liévin (FRA) 18 FEB 1996 200 meters (outdoors) 19.19 Usain Bolt[62] JAM[37] Olympiastadion, Berlin (GER) 20 AUG 2009 400 meters (indoors) 44.57 Kerron Clement[65] USA[35] Fayetteville, AR (USA) 12 MAR 2005 400 meters (outdoors) 43.03 Wayde Van Niekerk[66] RSA[67] Estádio Olímpico, Rio de Janeiro (BRA) 14 AUG 2016 4x100 meter relay 36.84 Nesta Carter,[68] Michael Frater,[69] Yohan Blake,[70] Usain Bolt[62] JAM[37] Olympic Stadium, London (GBR) 11 AUG 2012 4x200 meter relay (indoors) 1:22.11 John Regis,[71] Ade Mafe,[72] Darren Braithwaite,[73] Linford Christie[74] GBR[75] Glasgow (GBR) 03 MAR 1991 4x200 meter relay (outdoors) 1:18.63 Nickel Ashmeade,[76] Warren Weir,[77] Jermaine Brown,[78] Yohan Blake[70] JAM[37] T. Robinson Stadium, Nassau (BAH) 24 MAY 2014 4x400 meter relay (indoors) 3:01.51 Amere Lattin,[79] Obi Igbokwe,[80] Jermaine Holt,[81] Kahmari Montgomery[82] USA[35] Clemson, SC (USA) 09 FEB 2019 4x400 meter relay (outdoors) 2:54.29 Michael Johnson,[83] Harry "Butch" Reynolds,[84] Quincy Watts,[85] Andrew Valmon[86] USA[35] Gottlieb-Daimler Stadion, Stuttgart (GER) 22 AUG 1993 Mixed World Records Discipline Performance Competitor Country Venue Date 4x400 meter relay mixed 3:08.80 Justin Robinson, Rosey Effiong, Matthew Bowling, Alexis Holmes USA[35] National Athletics Centre, Budapest (HUN) 19 AUG 2023 Sprint training While genetics play a large role in one's ability to sprint,[87][88][89] athletes must be dedicated to their training to ensure that they can optimize their performances. Sprint training includes various running workouts, targeting acceleration, speed development, speed endurance, special endurance, and tempo endurance. Additionally, athletes perform intense strength training workouts, as well as plyometric or jumping workouts. Collectively, these training methods produce qualities that allow athletes to be stronger, and more powerful, in hopes of ultimately running faster.[90] See also Sport of athletics portal Sprint cycling Athletics at the Summer Olympics 60 metres at the Olympics 100 metres at the Olympics 200 metres at the Olympics 400 metres at the Olympics Sprint hurdles at the Olympics 400 metres hurdles at the Olympics 4×100 metres relay at the Olympics 4×400 metres relay at the Olympics Notes and references 400 m Introduction. IAAF. Retrieved on 26 March 2010. 100 m – For the Expert. IAAF. Retrieved on 26 March 2010. 200 m For the Expert. IAAF. Retrieved on 26 March 2010. Instone, Stephen (15 November 2009). The Olympics: Ancient versus Modern. BBC. Retrieved on 23 March 2010. "Athens 1896 Olympic Games". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-07-27. "Amsterdam 1928". Olympics.com. 25 April 2018. Archived from the original on Aug 5, 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021. 100 m – Introduction. IAAF. Retrieved on 26 March 2010. 200 m Introduction. IAAF. Retrieved on 26 March 2010. Quinn, Elizabeth (2007-10-30). Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle Fibers About.com. Retrieved on 2009-02-01. "3 Types of Track and Field Running Events". "All you need to know about relay races: Rules, history, world records". "President's Council on Sports, Fitness & Nutrition (PCSFN)". HHS.gov. 10 January 2017. Bolt runs 14.35 sec for 150m; covers 50m-150m in 8.70 sec!. IAAF (2009-05-17). Retrieved on 2009-05-17. New World Best over 150m for Usain Bolt from Universal Sports on YouTube Spivey, Nigel, The Ancient Olympics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 111–112 "Wayde van Niekerk breaks another Michael Johnson record". olympics.nbcsports.com. 2017-06-28. Retrieved 2017-06-29. "panathenaic amphora; prize/trophy". The British Museum. Retrieved 29 February 2024. Scanlon, Thomas F. (2014). Sport in the Greek and Roman Worlds: Volume 1 Early Greece, the Olympics, and Contests. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 213. Scanlon, Thomas F. (2014). Sport in the Greek and Roman Worlds: Volume 1 Early Greece, the Olympics, and Contests. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 213. "A Beginner's Guide to Running Spikes". Runners Need. Retrieved 2021-07-27. "The Ultimate Track Spike Buyers Guide". The Wired Runner. 2018-01-29. Retrieved 2021-07-27. "5 Secrets to Success with Starting Blocks". 9 March 2017. Wensor, Darren (2017-03-09). "5 Secrets to Success With Starting Blocks". Coaching Young Athletes. Retrieved 2021-07-27. "What is Fully Automatic Timing (FAT) for Sports? | About". FinishLynx. Retrieved 2021-07-27. "About World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Member Federations". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Book of Rules | Official Documents". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. Competition Rules 2012-13, IAAF Cherry, Gene (4 July 2012). "Twitch or flinch no longer a false start". Reuters. Retrieved 22 June 2022. 2009 USATF Competition Rules, Rule 160(1) "World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Irina Privalova | Profile | World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Member Federations". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Florence Griffith-Joyner | Profile | World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Member Federations". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Merlene Ottey | Profile | World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Member Federations". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Femke Bol | Profile | World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2023-02-28. "Marita Koch | Profile | World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Tianna Bartoletta | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Allyson Felix | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Bianca Knight | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Carmelita Jeter | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Yuliya Gushchina | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Yuliya Pechonkina | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Irina Khabarova | Profile | World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Yekaterina Kondratyeva". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Marion Jones | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Nanceen Perry | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "LaTasha Colander | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "LaTasha Jenkins | Profile | World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Olga Kotlyarova | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Olga Zaytseva | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Olesya Krasnomovets | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Tatiana Ledovskaya". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Olga M. Nazarova | Profile | World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Mariya Kulchunova-Pinigina | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Olga Vladykina-Bryzgina | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Donovan Bailey | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Member Federations". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Christian Coleman | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Usain Bolt | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Frank Fredericks | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Member Federations". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Kerron Clement | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Wayde Van niekerk | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Member Federations". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Nesta Carter | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Michael FRATER | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Yohan BLAKE | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "John Regis | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Ade Mafe | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Darren Braithwaite | Profile | World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Linford Christie | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Member Federations". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Nickel Ashmeade | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Warren Weir | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Germaine BROWN | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Amere Lattin | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Obi IGBOKWE | Profile | World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Jermaine Holt - Track and Field". University of Houston Athletics. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Kahmari MONTGOMERY | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Michael Johnson | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Harry Reynolds | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Quincy Watts | Profile | World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30. "Andrew Valmon - Head Track Coach - Staff Directory". University of Maryland Athletics. Retrieved 2021-07-30. Lombardo, Michael P.; Deaner, Robert O. (2014-06-26). "You can't teach speed: sprinters falsify the deliberate practice model of expertise". PeerJ. 2: e445. doi:10.7717/peerj.445. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4081292. PMID 25024914. Scott, Robert A.; Irving, Rachael; Irwin, Laura; Morrison, Errol; Charlton, Vilma; Austin, Krista; Tladi, Dawn; Deason, Michael; Headley, Samuel A.; Kolkhorst, Fred W.; Yang, Nan; North, Kathryn; Pitsiladis, Yannis P. (1 January 2010). "ACTN3 and ACE genotypes in elite Jamaican and US sprinters". Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 42 (1): 107–112. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ae2bc0. PMID 20010124. Eynon, Nir; Hanson, Erik D.; Lucia, Alejandro; Houweling, Peter J.; Garton, Fleur; North, Kathryn N.; Bishop, David J. (1 September 2013). "Genes for elite power and sprint performance: ACTN3 leads the way". Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). 43 (9): 803–817. doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0059-4. PMID 23681449. S2CID 207492970. Husbands, Chris. (30 September 2013). Sprinting : training, techniques and improving performance. Ramsbury. ISBN 978-1-84797-645-1. OCLC 859777344. External links Top 10 greatest sprint races in history (archived 17 November 2006) IAAF list of sprint records in XML vte Running Disciplines Sprint (up to 400 m) Middle-distance running (up to 3000 m) Long-distance running (over 3000 m up to marathon) Ultra running (over marathon) Cross country running Fell running Trail running Mountain running Skyrunning Tower running Snowshoe running Hurdling Steeplechase Relay race Ekiden Federations World Athletics (athletics) IAU (ultra running) ITRA (trail running) WMRA (mountain running) ISF (skyrunning) WSSF (snowshoe running) World championships World Athletics Championships (athletics) World Athletics Cross Country Championships (cross country) IAU 100 km World Championships (ultra running) IAU Trail World Championships (trail running) World Mountain Running Championships (mountain running) Skyrunning World Championships (skyrunning) World Snowshoe Championships (snowshoe running) Sport of athletics portal vte Athletics events Track and field Cross country running Road running Racewalking Track Sprints 50 m 55 m 60 m 100 y 100 m 150 m 200 m (straight) 300 m 400 m 440 y Hurdles 50 m 55 m 60 m 80 m 100 m 110 m 200 m (low) 300 m 400 m Middle-distance 500 m 600 m 800 m 1000 m 1500 m 1600 m One mile 2000 m 2000 m steeplechase 3000 m 3000 m steeplechase 3200 m Two miles Long-distance 5000 m 10,000 m 20,000 m One hour run Relays 4 × 100 m 4 × 200 m 4 × 400 m 4 × 800 m 4 × 1500 m 4 × mile Sprint medley relay Distance medley relay Swedish relay Shuttle hurdle relay Walking Mile 3000 m 5000 m 10,000 m 20,000 m Field Throws Shot put Discus Hammer Javelin Weight throw Softball throw Jumps High jump (standing) Pole vault Long jump (standing) Triple jump (standing) Combined Decathlon Octathlon Heptathlon Athletics pentathlon Women's pentathlon Throws pentathlon Road Running 5 km 10 km 15 km 10 mi 20 km 25 km Half marathon Marathon Ekiden Ultramarathon Walking 10 km 20 km 35 km 50 km 50 mi 100 km Marathon mixed relay Other Frame running Multiday race Wheelchair racing Backward running Sport of athletics portal • Current Olympic events shown in italics vte Exercise Types Aerobic exercise Aerobics Cycling Distance running Endurance training Hiking Jogging Swimming Walking Anaerobic exercise High-intensity interval training Sprinting Strength training Bodybuilding Bodyweight exercise Flywheel training Suspension training Weight training Other Athletic training Calisthenics Circuit training Climbing Cross-training Interval training Muscle hypertrophy Outdoor fitness Physical therapy Stretching Yoga Related History Exercise and music Exercise equipment Exercise physiology Neurobiological effects Exercise mimetic Exercise trends Fitness app Fitness culture Outline of exercise Physical culture Physical fitness Category vte Racing Running Track running Sprinting Middle-distance running Long-distance running Relay race Hurdling Steeplechase Road running Half marathon Marathon Ultramarathon Ekiden Off-road running Cross country running Mountain running Fell running Trail running Skyrunning Other Tower running Racewalking Backward running Snowshoe running Parkour Orienteering Foot orienteering Mountain bike orienteering Ski orienteering Trail orienteering Radio orienteering Canoe orienteering Rogaining Mountain marathon Car orienteering Bicycle racing Road bicycle racing Cyclo-cross Gravel racing Mountain bike racing Track cycling (Keirin) BMX racing Cycle speedway Animal racing Camel racing Greyhound racing Horse racing Pigeon racing Sled dog racing Swimming Open water swimming Marathon swimming Paralympic swimming Climbing Speed climbing Motor racing Auto racing Drag racing Formula racing Kart racing Off-road racing Pickup truck racing Sports car racing Stock car racing Touring car racing Truck racing Motorcycle racing Beach racing Motocross Motorcycle chariot racing Rally raid Track racing Motorboat racing Drag boat racing Hydroplane racing Jet sprint boat racing Inshore powerboat racing Offshore powerboat racing Other Air racing Radio-controlled car racing Slot car racing Street racing Board racing Longboarding Sandboarding Slalom skateboarding Street luge Winter racing Alpine skiing Cross-country skiing Snowboard cross Speed skating Sledding Multi-sport racing Adventure racing Triathlon Duathlon Aquathlon List of forms of racing Authority control databases: National Edit this at Wikidata Germany Categories: Sprint (running)Athletics by typeRunning by typeAnaerobic exercise
PicClick Insights - Usain Bolt Goldmünze Signatur Olympia Legende Paris 2024 Ziege Weltmeister PicClick Exklusiv
- Popularität - 3 Beobachter, 0.0 neue Beobachter pro Tag, 68 days for sale on eBay. Hohe beobachtend. 0 verkauft, 1 verfügbar.
- Bestpreis -
- Verkäufer - 4.496+ artikel verkauft. 0.3% negativ bewertungen. Großer Verkäufer mit sehr gutem positivem Rückgespräch und über 50 Bewertungen.
Popularität - Usain Bolt Goldmünze Signatur Olympia Legende Paris 2024 Ziege Weltmeister
3 Beobachter, 0.0 neue Beobachter pro Tag, 68 days for sale on eBay. Hohe beobachtend. 0 verkauft, 1 verfügbar.
Preis - Usain Bolt Goldmünze Signatur Olympia Legende Paris 2024 Ziege Weltmeister
Verkäufer - Usain Bolt Goldmünze Signatur Olympia Legende Paris 2024 Ziege Weltmeister
4.496+ artikel verkauft. 0.3% negativ bewertungen. Großer Verkäufer mit sehr gutem positivem Rückgespräch und über 50 Bewertungen.